New FA Micro 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| block nucleotide synthesis | sulfonamides, trimethoprim
🗑
|
||||
| block DNA topoisomerases | quinolones
🗑
|
||||
| block mRNA synthesis | rifampin
🗑
|
||||
| block protein synthesis at 50S ribosomal subunit | chloramphenicol, erythromycin/macrolides, lincomycin, clindamycin, streptogramins (quinupristin, dalfopristin), linezolid
🗑
|
||||
| block protein synthesis at 30S ribosomal subunit | aminoglycosides, tetracyclines
🗑
|
||||
| bacteriacidal antibiotics (6) | penicilin, cephalosporins, vancomycin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, metronidazole
🗑
|
||||
| penicillin mechanism | bind PBPs, block transpeptidase cross-linking of cell wall; activate autolytic enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| penicillin toxicity | hypersensitivity reactions, hemolytic anemia
🗑
|
||||
| mechanism of methicillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin | bind PBPs, block transpeptidase cross-linking of cell wall - penicillinase resistant because of bulkier R group
🗑
|
||||
| methicillin toxicity | interstitial nephritis
🗑
|
||||
| ampicillin, amoxicillin toxicity | hypersensitvity, ampicillin rash (esp. in pts. w/ mono), pseudomembranous colitis
🗑
|
||||
| ticarcillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin usage | pseudomonas (Takes Care of Pseudomonas)
🗑
|
||||
| mechanism of cephalosporins | beta-lactam drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis - less susceptible to penicillinases
🗑
|
||||
| antibiotic for penicillin-allergic patients and patients w/ renal toxicity who can't tolerate aminoglycosides | aztreonam (synergistic w/ aminoglycosides)
🗑
|
||||
| drug of choice for enterobacter | imipenem/cilastin
🗑
|
||||
| antibiotic that can cause seizures at high plasma levels | imipenem/cilastin
🗑
|
||||
| mechanism of vancomycin | inhibits cell wall mucopeptide formation by binding D-ala D-ala portion of cell wall precursors
🗑
|
||||
| mechanism of resistance to vancomycin | amino acid change of D-ala D-ala to D-ala D-lac
🗑
|
||||
| vancomycin toxicity | well tolerated in general - does NOT have many problems: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis
🗑
|
||||
| aminoglycosides | streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin - bacteriacidal
🗑
|
||||
| mechanism of action of aminoglycosides | inhibit 30S subunit - inhibit formation of initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA
🗑
|
||||
| are aminoglycosides effective agains anaerobes? | no! require O2 or uptake
🗑
|
||||
| aminoglycosides cause nephrotoxicity especially when used in combination with _________ | cephalosporins
🗑
|
||||
| aminoglycosides cause ototoxicity especially when used with_________ | loop diuretics
🗑
|
||||
| are aminoglycosides safe to use in pregnancy? | no! teratogenic
🗑
|
||||
| which tetracycline can be used in patients with renal failure? | doxycycline because it is fecally eliminated
🗑
|
||||
| can you take tetracyclines with milk? | no! nor atacids or iron-containing preparations because divalent cations inhibit its absorption in the gut
🗑
|
||||
| tetracycline toxicity | discoloration of teeth and inhibition of bone growth in children, photosensitivity
🗑
|
||||
| mechanism of action of macrolides | inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation - bind to 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit
🗑
|
||||
| name 3 macrolides | erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
🗑
|
||||
| when can sulfonamides cause hemolysis? | G6PD deficiency
🗑
|
||||
| most common cause of noncompliance with macrolides | GI discomfort
🗑
|
||||
| macrolides increase the serum concentration of what drugs? | theophyllines, oral anticoagulants
🗑
|
||||
| acute cholestatic hepatitis & eosinophilia are toxicities of which class of antibiotics? | macrolides
🗑
|
||||
| clinical use of chloramphenicol | meningitis - H. flu, neisseria, strep pneumo
🗑
|
||||
| why does chloramphenicol cause gray baby syndrome? | because infants lack liver UDP-glucoronyl transferase
🗑
|
||||
| is the aplastic anemia seen with chloramphenicol dose dependent? | no! the anemia is, however
🗑
|
||||
| mechanism of action of chloramphenicol | inhibits 50S peptidyltransferase
🗑
|
||||
| what is the clinical use of clindamycin? | treatment of anaerobic infections - B. frag, C. perfringfens
🗑
|
||||
| clindamycin toxicity | pseudomembranous colitis - destroys normal GI flora
🗑
|
||||
| mechanism of action of sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, triple sulfas, etc.) | PABA antimetabolites inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
🗑
|
||||
| what side effect can sulfonamides cause in infants? | kernicterus
🗑
|
||||
| mechanism of action of trimethoprim | inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
🗑
|
||||
| trimethoprim toxicity | megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia (may alleviate with supplemental folinic acid)
🗑
|
||||
| mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones | inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II)
🗑
|
||||
| what class of antibiotics can cause cartilage damage in kids? | fluoroquinolones
🗑
|
||||
| what drug is associated with a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol and a metallic taste | metronidazole
🗑
|
||||
| what can prevent the neurotoxicity associated with INH? | pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
🗑
|
||||
| INH toxicity | hemolysis if G6PD deficient, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, SLE-like syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| mechanism of action of rifampin | inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
🗑
|
||||
| what drug delays resistance to dapsone when used for leprosy? | rifampin
🗑
|
||||
| resistance mechanism for penicillins/cephalosporins | beta-lactamase cleavage of beta lactam ring
🗑
|
||||
| resistance mechanism for aminoglycosides | modification via acetylation, adenylation, or phosphorylation
🗑
|
||||
| resistance mechanism for chloramphenicol | modification via acetylation
🗑
|
||||
| resistance mechanism for macrolides | methylation of rRNA near erythromycin's ribosome binding site
🗑
|
||||
| resistance mechanism for tetracycline | decreased uptake or increased transport out of cell
🗑
|
||||
| resistance mechanism for sulfonamides | altered enzyme (bacterial dihydropteroate synthetase), decreased uptake, or increased PABA synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| mechanism of action of amphotericin B | binds ergosterol (unique to fungi); forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes and disrupt homeostasis
🗑
|
||||
| drug of choice for systemic mycoses | amphotericin B
🗑
|
||||
| amphotericin B toxicity | fever/chills, hypotension, nephrotoxicity, arrhythmias, hypochromic normocytic anemia
🗑
|
||||
| do ketoconazole and ampho B act synergistically? | no - they antagonize each other's actions, so should never be used together
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Asclepius
Popular USMLE sets