Musculoskeletal Words and Definitions
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| agonist | the muscle(s) that produces movement
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| amphiarthrosis | slightly moveable joints
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| antagonist | the muscle(s) that relaxes in order to allow a movement
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| appendicular skeleton | consists of bone of the shoulders, hips, upper and lower extremities
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| arthritis | inflammation of the joints
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| arthrodesis | fusion/stabilization or binding of a joint
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| atlas | the first cervical vertebra which supports the skull
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| axial skeleton | consists of the bones of the skull, thorax and vertebral column
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| axis | the second cervical vertebra which provides rotation of the skull
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| bones | principal organs of support and protection in the body
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| bone marrow | found within larger bones; responsible for production of blood cells
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| cervical vertebra | the seven vertebrae which form the skeletal framework of the neck
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| coccyx | tail of the vertebral column consisting of four or five fused vertebrae (tail bone)
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| compact bone | hard, outer layer of bone
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| condyle | rounded, articulating knob
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| crest | a type of bone process that has a large ridge shape
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| diaphysis | the shaft or long main portion of the bone
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| diarthrosis | freely moveable joints
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| epiphysis | the end or extremity of the bone
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| fascicle | a bundle of muscle fibres
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| femorotibial | pertaining to the femur (thigh bone) and the tibia (lower leg bone)
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| fissure | narrow, slit-like opening
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| flat bones | provide a broad surface for muscular attachment and protection for internal organs (pelvic bone)
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| foramen | rounded opening through a bone to accommodate blood vessels and nerves
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| fracture | breakage of a bone due to trauma or disease
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| gluteus maximus | large muscle of the buttocks
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| head | prominent rounded articulating end of a bone
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| ilium | the lateral flaring portion of the hip bone; upper of the three parts of the hip bone
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| intervertebral disks | rounded structure with a gelatinous mass in the centre that separates the vertebrae
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| involuntary | that which occurs with no discretionary control usually a visceral muscle (heart action or peristalsis)
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| irregular bones | all other bones that cannot be grouped together under other headings
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| ischium | the lower part of the hip bone
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| kyphosis | an exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae(hunch back or humpback)
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| latissimus dorsi | the large muscle of the back
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| ligament | band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone
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| long bones | found in extremities of the body (arms, legs, and fingers)
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| lordosis | abnormal inward curvature of the spine (seen in pregnancy or obesity)
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| lumbar vertebrae | the five vertebrae situated in the lower back which carry most of the weight of the torso
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| meatus | opening of passage into a bone
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| metacarpectomy | excision of the bones in the hand
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| muscles | structures that contract providing movement of the bone
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| muscular tissue | refers to all of the contractile tissue of the body; two main types are voluntary and involuntary
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| musculoskeletal system | consists of bones, joints and muscles, which provide the body with support, protection and the ability to move
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| myelocele | hernia of the spinal cord
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| osteoclasis | to break a bone for therapeutic reasons.(Surgical fracture for resetting)
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| osteblast | a cell in the bone marrow that produces bone
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| osteclast | a cell in the bone marrow that reabsorbs bone
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| osteoma | bone tumor
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| osteoporosis | bone pores or cavities resulting from disease in bone density
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| paraplegia | paralysis of the lower spine and the lower portion of the trunk and both legs
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| patellapexy | surgical fixation of the kneecap
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| pelvimetry | measurement of the pelvis
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| pelvis | basin shaped structure that support the sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder and other soft organs of the abdominopelvic cavity
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| periosteum | a dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the bone and contains blood and lymph vessels and nerves
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| phalangeal | pertaining to the bones of the fingers and toes
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| podiatry | foot treatment
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| pubis | the third portion of the hipbone that is situated in front of the bladder
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| quadriplegia | paralysis of the upper spine and all four extremities
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| ribs | series of twelve pair of curved bones attached to the vertebral column which provides protection for internal organs
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| sacrum | the five sacral vertebrae which are fused into a single bone
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| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
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| short bones | bones that are as wide as they are long (ankles, wrists)
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| sinus | cavity or hollow space in a bone
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| spina bifida | a genetic disorder that results in malformation of the spin due to imperfect joining of the vertebrae
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| stemocleidomatoid | a muscle of the chest arising from the sternum and inner part of the clavicle
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| sternum | breast bone/chest plate
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| substernal | pertaining to under the sternum
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| synarthrosis | immovable joints
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| syndactylism | condition of fingers and toes joined together. (webbed)
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| tendon | a strap composed of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone
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| thoracic vertebrae | twelve vertebrae which support the chest and serve as a point of articulation for the ribs
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| torticollis | stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle
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| trochanter | very large, irregularly shaped process found only on the femur
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| tubercle | small rounded process
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| tuberosity | large rounded process
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| vertebrae | twenty six bones which make up the adult vertebral column
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| voluntary | that which is done with control. Usually a striated muscle such as the biceps (walking and blinking)
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