Pharmacology 4,5
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| Parenteral Administration | giving medications by injection
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| Reason for giving meds the parenteral route | -used when other routes are ineffective or impractical
-best route for emergences
-best for those that cannot take oral medications
-best if medications would be destroyed be digestive enzymes
-used when the patient cannot take meds orally
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| Types of syringes | -the standard hypodermic syringe
-the insulin syringe
-the tuberculin syringe (do not dis-guard)
-prefilled cartridge
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| Parts of a syringe | -tip
-barrel
-flange(wings)
-plunger
-plunger end
-needle cover
-point lumen(hole)
-bevel (tip)
-shaft
-hilt
-gauge number
-hub
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| Types of Syringes | -insulin syringes 2 sizes(1cc or mL 100 units, 0.5cc or mL 50 units)
-Standard hypodermic
-tuberculin(T.B. tests)
-Prefilled cartridge
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| Ampule | Made if glass (throw away after uses)
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| Vial | Made of glass with a medal and rubber tip(can be reused
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| Safety with syringes | -Safety syringes(needle retracts after use -cover for the needle after use)
-Needless systems(with IV therapy)
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| Reconstituting Powered Drugs | -add recommended amount of fluid to a powder
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| Injection Sites | -intradermal(ID)
-subcutaneous(subcut)
-intramuscular(IM)
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| Injection sites may be determined by | -Type of injection
-Patient's build
-Patient's age
-Sites of other recent injections
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| Intravenous Therapy | -Administration of fluids, electrolytes, medications, blood and nutrients through a vein
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| Intravenous Therapy Purposes | -fluid volume maintenance and replacement therapy
-loss od blood, body water, electrolytes, and nutrients
-NPO
-injection of meds
-blood replacement therapy
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| Classification of Intravenous Solutions | -Crystalloids
-Colloids
-Hydrating solutions
-hypertonic- hyperosmolar preparations
-Blood or blood components
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| Crystalloids | -Generally, electrolytes such as isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic
-solutions that have the ability to form crystals or are capable of crystallization
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| Colloids | -Two separate phases> Dispersed, Continuous phase
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| Complications of IV therapy | -Local infiltration
-Pyrogenic reaction
-Thrombophlebitis
-Circulatory
-Air embolism
-Phlebitis
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| Do health care workers need to wear gloves for all parenteral medication administrations? | YES.
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| Forms of Medications | -Liquid(solution, syrup, fluids)
-semiliquid(tincture)
-Solid(capsule, tablets)
-Semisolid(suppository, ointments)
-suspension(emulsions, gel, lotions, aerosols
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| a.c. | before meals
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| ad lib. | as desired
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| AM, a.m. | Morning
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| BID,bid | Twice a day
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| h., hr. | Hourly
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| n., noc | Nightly
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| PRN,prn | as necessary
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| q.h. | every hour
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| q2h., q.2h | every 2 hours
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| q3h., q.3h | every 3 hours
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| q4h., q.4h. | every 4 hours
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| QID, qid. | four times a day
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| stat | immediately
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| TID, tid. | three times a day
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| a | before
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| c/o | Complains of
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| DC, d/c | Dilute
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| NKA | No known allergies
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| n.p.o. | nothing by mouth
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| ophth., op | Ophthalmic
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| per | by means of
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| pH | hydrogen concentration
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| PO., p.o. | By Mouth
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| q. | every
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| Rx | Take
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| sig. | Label
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| AD | Right ear
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| AS | LEFT ear
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| AU | Both ears
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| h.s. | Bedtime
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| MS4 | Morphine sulfate
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| MgS | Magnesium
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| OD | Right eye
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| OS | Left eye
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| OU | both eyes
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| Os | by mouth, PO, orally
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| q.d., QD | Daily
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| q.o.d., QOD | every other day
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| SC,SQ,subq | subcutaneously
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| The Seven Rights: rules for Giving Medications | -Right drug
-Right dose
-Right patient
-Right route
-Right time
-Right technique
-Right documentation
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| Problem Oriented Medical Record(POMR) | The POMR is organized according to a numbered list of problems or diagnoses. All healthcare teams members chart on the same form, and chart their observations, plans of actions, treatments, and results. They note which problems they are working on using
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| SOAP | Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan
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