SALT 9th Science - Chp 1-5
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| precision | the repeatability or consistency of a series of measurements
🗑
|
||||
| accuracy | how closely a measurement reflects the actual value
🗑
|
||||
| scientific notation | used to express extremely large or small numbers
🗑
|
||||
| SI (International System of Units) or metric system | the standard system of measurements used by scientists around the world
🗑
|
||||
| weight | a measure of the pull of gravity upon an object
🗑
|
||||
| mass | a measure of the amount of matter an object contains
🗑
|
||||
| liter | metric unit of capacity and liquid measure
🗑
|
||||
| gram | metric unit of mass
🗑
|
||||
| meter | metric unit of length
🗑
|
||||
| deci | prefix meaning 1/10 (one tenth) of a specified unit
🗑
|
||||
| centi | prefix meaning 1/100 (one hundredth) of a specified unit
🗑
|
||||
| milli | prefix meaning 1/1000 (one thousandth) of a specified unit
🗑
|
||||
| micro | prefix meaning one millionth
🗑
|
||||
| nano | prefix meaning one billionth
🗑
|
||||
| kilo | prefix meaning 1000 of a specified unit
🗑
|
||||
| cubit | an ancient unit of measure, originally derived from the length of a person’s arm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger
🗑
|
||||
| Kelvin scale | scale of absolute temperature
🗑
|
||||
| Celsius scale | a metric of temperature in which 0° represents the freezing point of water and 100° represents the boiling point of water
🗑
|
||||
| Fahrenheit scale | standard temperature scale
🗑
|
||||
| Three steps to the scientific method | observing, hypothesizing, experimenting
🗑
|
||||
| atmosphere | the blanket of gases that surrounds our planet, to protect and support life
🗑
|
||||
| atmospheric pressure | is equal to 14.7 pounds per square inch
🗑
|
||||
| nitrogen | the most abundant gas in the atmosphere
🗑
|
||||
| oxygen | is vital to human and animal life
🗑
|
||||
| carbon dioxide | is vital to plant life
🗑
|
||||
| troposphere | lowest layer of the atmosphere
🗑
|
||||
| stratosphere | the layer of atmosphere immediately above the tropopause, having strong steady winds but few changes of weather
🗑
|
||||
| ozone layer | region in the upper stratosphere that protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun
🗑
|
||||
| mesosphere | the layer of atmosphere immediately above the stratosphere, extending from the stratopause to about 50 miles above the surface
🗑
|
||||
| mesopause | the coldest point in the atmosphere
🗑
|
||||
| ionosphere | portion of the mesosphere and thermosphere known for its ability to “bounce” radio signals
🗑
|
||||
| thermosphere | the layer of atmosphere immediately above the mesosphere, characterized by high temperatures but is practically a vacuum
🗑
|
||||
| exosphere | the outermost layer of the atmosphere
🗑
|
||||
| greenhouse effect | the trapping of heat in the earth’s atmosphere by certain gases
🗑
|
||||
| Coriolis effect | the way in which the earth’s rotation causes a change in the course of the winds
🗑
|
||||
| polar easterlies | high pressure regions created by constantly sinking air at the poles cause winds to blow away from the poles
🗑
|
||||
| prevailing westerlies | the winds that blow from the horse latitudes toward latitude 60°, from the southwest in the Northern Hemisphere and from the northwest in the Southern Hemisphere
🗑
|
||||
| trade winds | surface winds that blow form the horse latitudes toward the equator
🗑
|
||||
| horse latitudes | regions of high pressure and gentle winds at about 30o N & S latitude.
🗑
|
||||
| ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone) | belt of warm rising air that straddles the equator, where the winds from the tropics converge, low pressure area, known as the doldrums
🗑
|
||||
| jet streams | high altitude winds of the upper troposphere concentrated in narrow bands of rapidly moving air
🗑
|
||||
| monsoons | winds that change direction from season to season
🗑
|
||||
| meteorologist | a scientist who studies the weather
🗑
|
||||
| meteorology | the study of the atmosphere
🗑
|
||||
| Four basic cloud families | cumulus, stratus, cirrus, and lenticular
🗑
|
||||
| cumulus | white, billowy clouds that resemble piles of cotton puffs in the sky
🗑
|
||||
| stratus | a flat, gray layer of heavy clouds not far above the ground
🗑
|
||||
| cirrus | thin, delicate, wispy clouds that float near the top of the troposphere; have a feathery appearance
🗑
|
||||
| lenticular | lens-shaped clouds that generally form over mountains
🗑
|
||||
| cumulonimbus | a thundercloud
🗑
|
||||
| front | a boundary between two air masses
🗑
|
||||
| precipitation | the release of water from the atmosphere is the form of drizzle, rain, sleet, freezing rain, snow, or hail
🗑
|
||||
| hurricane | a storm in which its winds exceed 74 mph.
🗑
|
||||
| humidity | the amount of water vapor present in the air
🗑
|
||||
| oceanography | the study of the earth’s oceans, seas, and their basins
🗑
|
||||
| thermocline | the boundary in the ocean where cold, deep ocean water meets the sun-warmed water nearer the surface
🗑
|
||||
| Gulf Stream | the well-known ocean current that flow up the coast of North America and then sweeps across the Atlantic toward Europe
🗑
|
||||
| tsumanis | gigantic sea waves formed by earthquakes, volcanic explosions or undersea landslides
🗑
|
||||
| tides | regular and predictable movements of ocean water caused primarily by the moon
🗑
|
||||
| continental shelf | sandy, gently sloping underwater plain bordering the continents’ coasts
🗑
|
||||
| continental slope | where the sea floor drops away from the continent abruptly, sloping steeply down
🗑
|
||||
| continental rise | thick layer of sediment that slopes gently toward the deep open basins
🗑
|
||||
| abyssal plain | a huge plain of the deep ocean floor
🗑
|
||||
| seamounts | underwater volcanic mountains
🗑
|
||||
| guyot | unusual flat-topped seamounts
🗑
|
||||
| oceanic deep | an area of the sea exceeding 6000m (19,685 ft) in depth
🗑
|
||||
| Challenger Deep | the deepest known point in the sea, located in the Marianas Trench near Guam
🗑
|
||||
| scuba | self contained underwater breathing apparatus
🗑
|
||||
| characteristics of matter | occupies space, has inertia, cannot be created or destroyed under ordinary conditions, exists in three basic states (solid, liquid, or gas)
🗑
|
||||
| atomic theory of matter | the foundation of our understanding of matter proposed by John Dalton
🗑
|
||||
| elements | substances composed of only one type of atom
🗑
|
||||
| compounds | substances composed of more than one type of atom linked together
🗑
|
||||
| molecule | a group of atoms linked together ; both elements and compounds may be composed of molecules.
🗑
|
||||
| kinetic theory of matter | molecules of matter are in constant motion
🗑
|
||||
| diffusion | the process of mixing molecules of one substance through another by random molecular motion
🗑
|
||||
| osmosis | one-way diffusion across a semi permeable membrane
🗑
|
||||
| nucleus | the dense central core of an atom
🗑
|
||||
| proton and neutron | two major subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom
🗑
|
||||
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of a atom (each element has its own unique atomic number)
🗑
|
||||
| proton | positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom
🗑
|
||||
| electron | negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom
🗑
|
||||
| neutron | uncharged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom
🗑
|
||||
| neutrino | unusual subatomic particle related to the electron but having no electric charge and little mass
🗑
|
||||
| quark | particle that may compose protons and neutrons
🗑
|
||||
| ion | an atom that develops an electrical charge as a result of gaining or losing electrons
🗑
|
||||
| isotopes | an atom of an element that has a different number of neutrons than do other atoms of that element; examples are magnesium
🗑
|
||||
| quantum theory | the theory which states that tiny particles such as electrons do not absorb or release energy smoothly
🗑
|
||||
| Bohr model | model of the atom that portrays a nucleus of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons that move in circular orbits at specific energy levels
🗑
|
||||
| electron-cloud model | model of the atom in which dots indicate the probability of finding an electron
🗑
|
||||
| wave-mechanical model | model of the atom that portrays electrons as waves circling the nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| Heisenberg uncertainty principle | the idea that it is impossible to precisely determine the position and momentum of an electron simultaneously
🗑
|
||||
| quantum number | describes the overall motion of each electron, (the 4 quantum numbers that describe the electron shell, orbital shape, orbital orientation, and electron spin)
🗑
|
||||
| mass number | the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
🗑
|
||||
| atomic mass | the average mass of all the isotopes of an element compared to the mass of a carbon-12 atom
🗑
|
||||
| gamma radiation | the type of nuclear radiation that consists of high-energy electromagnetic waves
🗑
|
||||
| alpha decay | occurs when an unstable atom ejects a clump of 2 protons and 2 neutrons called an alpha particle
🗑
|
||||
| beta decay | occurs when a neutron in an atom’s nucleus changes into a proton and emits an electron called a beta particle
🗑
|
||||
| half-life | the decay rate of a substance, or the length of time it takes for ½ the original substance to decay into a new substance
🗑
|
||||
| nuclear fission | the splitting of an atomic nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| critical mass | the amount of fissionable material that must be present in order for a nuclear chain reaction to take place
🗑
|
||||
| nuclear fusion | the process of joining two small atomic nuclei together to form a larger nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| nuclear reactor | can control a chain reaction and produce useful energy
🗑
|
||||
| Most atoms seek to have | eight electrons in their outermost shell.
🗑
|
||||
| valence electrons | the electrons in the outermost shell
🗑
|
||||
| alkali metals | the elements in group IA of the periodic table - very soft, shiny metals with low melting points (combine easily with other atoms)
🗑
|
||||
| alkaline earth metals | the elements in group IIA – harder and denser than alkali metals
🗑
|
||||
| halogens | elements in group VIIA – “salt formers”, combine with IA and IIA metals to form salts.
🗑
|
||||
| noble gases | the elements in group VIIIA of the periodic table, which rarely combine with other elements because they already have 8 electrons in their outer shells
🗑
|
||||
| carbon | C
🗑
|
||||
| calcium | Ca
🗑
|
||||
| copper | Cu
🗑
|
||||
| gold | Au
🗑
|
||||
| silver | Ag
🗑
|
||||
| helium | He
🗑
|
||||
| iron | Fe
🗑
|
||||
| lead | Pb
🗑
|
||||
| oxygen | O
🗑
|
||||
| potassium | K
🗑
|
||||
| sodium | Na
🗑
|
||||
| phosphorus | P
🗑
|
||||
| sulfur | S
🗑
|
||||
| nitrogen | N
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
kbtarheelgirl
Popular Physical Science sets