Cardiovascular System Reverse Definitions
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| A hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins | heart
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| A passage between two blood vessels or between two sides of the heart | shunt
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| A small artery | arteriole
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| A small vein | venule
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| A valve with three cusps, located between the right atrium and right ventricle, which allows blood to pass into the right ventricle | tricuspid valve
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| A valve with two cusps, through which blood passes from the left atrium to the left ventricle. Also known as the mitral valve | bicuspid valve (mitral)
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| A vessel that carries deoxygenated blood to the heart from the body organs and tissues | vein
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| A vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to body tissues and organs | artery
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| Abnormal condition of a blood clot in the blood vessel which obstructs it at the site of its formation | thrombosis
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| Act on kidneys to increase excretion of water and sodium | diuretics
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| Angiography of the aorta and its branches after injection of a contrast medium | aortography
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| Angiography that is used to determine the degree of stenosis or obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart | coronary angiography
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| Angioplasty of the coronary arteries in which a balloon catheter is inserted through the skin into the right femoral artery and threaded to the site of the stenosis to enlarge the lumen of the artery and restore forward blood flow | (PTCA) percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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| Any disease which alters the ability of the coronary artery to deliver the amount of blood that is required by the heart muscle | coronary artery disease(CAD)
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| Any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores forward blood flow | angioplasty
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| Arrhythmia in which the heart beats abnormally slowly, usually fewer than 60 beats per minute in a resting adult | bradycardia
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| Arrhythmia in which there is a fast but regular rhythm, with the heart possibly beating up to 200 beats per minute | tachycardia
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| Arrhythmia in which there is an abnormally rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or the ventricles | fibrillation
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| Arrhythmia in which there is interference with the normal transmission of electric impulses from the SA node to the Purkinje fibers | heart block
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| Backflow or ejecting of contents through an opening | regurgitation
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| Block movement of calcium into myocardial cells and aterial walls, causing heart rate and blood pressure to decrease | calcium channel blockers
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| Block the effect of adrenaline on beta receptors, which slow nerve pulses that pass through the heart, thereby causing a decrease in heart rate | beta-blockers
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| Blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs, also called deep vein thrombosis | deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
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| Blood test that measures the presence and amount of cardiac enzymes in the blood including troponin T, tronin I and creatine kinase | cardiac enzyme studies
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| Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs | pulmonary artery
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| Carries oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs | pulmonary vein
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| Chamber which collects deoxygenated blood from the body | right atrium
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| Chamber which pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs | right ventricle
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| Chamber which receives oxygenated blood from the lungs | left atrium
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| Chamber which pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta | left ventricle
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| Circular muscle found in a tubular structure or hollow organ that constricts or dilates to regulate passage of substances through its opening | sphincter
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| Condition in which a mass (commonly called a blood clot) becomes lodged in a blood vessel obstructing blood flow | embolism
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| Condition which develops when the valves of the veins are damaged. Characterized by enlarged veins and edema of the surrounding tissues | varicose veins
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| Defibrillation technique using low energy shocks to treat an arrhythmia, and is usually synchronized with the large R wavesof the ECG complex to restore normal heart rhythm | cardioversion
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| Destruction of a blood clot using anticlotting agents called clot-busters, such as tissue plasminogen activator | thrombolysis
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| Destruction of tissue | necrosis
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| Difficult breathing | dyspnea
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| Dilate blood vessels of the heart, causing an increase in the amount of oxygen delivered to the myocardium, and decrease venous return and arterial resistance, which decreases myocardial oxygen demand and releives angina | nitrates
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| Disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function | cardiomyopathy
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| ECG taken with under controlled exercise stress conditions | stress test
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| ECG taken with a small, portable recording system capable of storing up to 48 hrs of ECG tracings, also called event monitor test | Holter monitor test
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| Electrical shock delivered randomly during the cardiac cycle to treat emergency life-threatening arrhythmias | defibrillation
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| Elevated blood pressure persistantly higher than 140/90 mm Hg | hypertension (HTN)
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| Enlargement of the heart | cardiomegaly
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| Excessive amounts of lipids in the blood | hyperlipidemia
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| Extend the walls of the ventricles and transmit electric impulses to both ventricles, causing them to contract | Purkinje fibers
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| Failure of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the tissues and organs | congestive heart failure (CHF)
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| Fibrous sac which encloses the heart | pericardium
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| Flat, leaf-shaped structure that comprises the valves of the heart and prevents backflow of blood | leaflet
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| Form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the deposit of plaques containing cholesterol and lipids that narrows the lumen in the arteries | atherosclerosis
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| High frequency sound waves are directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image in a monitor of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonography, and echo | ultrasonogram
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| Highly specialized cardiac tissue which initiates and continues contraction impulses | conductive tissue
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| Implantation of a battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart in patients who are at risk of sudden cardiac death; also called implantable cardio- | automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD)
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| Inability of valves to close properly | insufficiency
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| Incision of a valve to incresae the sizeof the opening; used in treating mitral stenosis | valvotomy
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| Inflammation of a deep or superficial vein of the arms or legs | phlebitis
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| Inflammation of a vein wall, which may cause clots to form | thrombophlebitis
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| Inflammation of the heart | carditis
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| Inflammation of a vein | phlebitis
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| Injection of a chemical irritant into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein | sclerotherapy
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| Innermost layer of the heart | endocardium
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| Instrument for measuring blood pressure | sphygmomanometer
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| Irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart; also called dysrhythmia | arrhythmia
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| Large vein which collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the lower portion of the body and enters the right atrium | inferior vena cava
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| large vein which collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the top portion of the body and enters the right atrium | superior vena cava
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| Largest artery in the body which collects blood from the left ventricle, and delivers it to all parts of th ebody via smaller arteries | aorta
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| Life-threatening condition characterized by necrosis in the myocardium due to lack of oxygen | myocardial infarction (MI)
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| Local, temporary deficiency of blood supply to an organ or tissue due to circulatory obstruction | ischemia
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| Localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery | aneurysm
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| Localized tissue necrosis due to the cessation of blood supply | infarction
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| Low blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin i to angiotensin ii | angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
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| Lower cholesterol in the blood and reduce its production in the liver by blocking the enzyme that produces it | statins
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| Microscopic blood vessels connecting arteries and venules | capillaries
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| Mild to severe suffocating pain that typically occurs in the chest and is caused by an inadequate blood flow to the myocardium; also called angina pectoris, intermittent chest pain usually short duration | angina
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| MUGA scan of the heart in which the gamma camera moves in a circle around the patient to create individual images as "slices" of the heart | single-photon emission tomography (SPECT)
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| Muscular layer of the heart | myocardium
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| Muscular wall which divides the right and left sides of the heart | septum
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| Narrowing | stenosis
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| Narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta | coarctation
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| Hardening and narrowing of an artery along with the loss of its elasticity | arteriosclerosis
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| Low blood pressure persistently lower than 90/60 mm Hg | hypotension
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| Narrowing of the carotid arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis, may eventually lead to thrombus formation and stroke | carotid artery disease
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| Narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel that limits blood flow, usually as a result of diseases, medications, or physiological processes | vasoconstriction
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| Non-invasive technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an x-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multiplanar cross-sectional views of soft tissues | magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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| Nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to detect how well the heart walls move as they contract and calculates the ejection rate | multiple-gated acquisition scan (MUGA)
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| Outermost layer of the heart | epicardium
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| Paleness | pallor
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| Partial or complete loss of consciousness that is usually caused by a decreased supply of blood to the brain; also called fainting | syncope
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| Passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart | cardiac catheterization (CC)
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| Placement of a mesh tube inserted into a natural passage or conduit in the body to prevent or counteract a disease induced, localized flow constriction | stent (placement)
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| Placement of a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle | coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
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| Portion of the nervous system that regulates involuntary actions, such as heart rate, digestion, and peristalsis | autonomic nervous system (ANS)
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| Prevent, alleviate, or correct cardiac arrhythmias by stabilizing the electrical conduction of the heart | antiarrhythmics
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| Prevents the backflow of blood into the right ventricle | pulmonic valve
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| Procedure that graphically records the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms , and legs | electrocardiogram/graphy (ECG,EKG)
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| Procedure used to determine the cause of a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias by mapping the heart's conduction system in a patient with an arrhythmia | electrophysiological studies (EPS)
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| Procedure to remove or treat varicose veins | laser ablation
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| Profuse sweating | diaphoresis
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| Radiographic image of the inside of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium; also called arteriography | angiography
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| Radiography of a vein after injection of a contrast medium to detect incomplete filling of a vein, indicating obstruction | venography
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| Rapid heart action | tachycardia
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| Reduce blood pressure by relaxing the smooth muscle in blood vessels, particularly in the large arteries, arterioles, and large veins, which decrease vascular resistance | vasodilators
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| Removal of a segment of an arterial vessel wall to confirm inflammation of a wall or arteries, a type of vasculitis | arterial biopsy
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| Removal of a small piece of tissue for diagnostic purposes | biopsy (Bx)
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| Removal of an embolus | embolectomy
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| Removal of fatty plaque from the interior of an occluded vessel using a specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device | endarterectomy
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| Sensation of an irregular heartbeat, commonly described aspounding, racing, skipping a beat or flutter | palpitation
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| Series of blood tests (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) used to asses risk factors of ischemic heart disease | lipid panel
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| Slow heart action | bradycardia
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| Small hole(s) within the atrial or ventricular septums, which are present at birth | congenital septal defect
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| Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, associated valvular action or with the movement of blood as it passes an obstruction or both; also called a murmur | bruite
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| Specialized MRI that provides information on both static and moving images of the heart, including blood flow velocity | cardiac (MRI)
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| Specialized muscle fibers, in the walls of the heart, between the ventricles that carry the electric impulses to the ventricles | bundle of His
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| State of being sticky or gummy | viscosity
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| Structural defect in which the mitral valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood | mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
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| Surgical attachment of one end of a hollow structure to another end | anastomosis
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| Surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart, usually with the assistance of a heart-lung machine | open heart surgery
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| Surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their points of contact | commissurotomy
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| Suturing of a blood vessel | angiorrhaphy
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| System composed of the heart, blood vessels and their function within the body | cardiovascular system
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| Test used in conjunction with a stress test to detect the presence of coronary artery disease that is causing partial obstruction of the coronary arteries, also called thallium scan or cardiolite scan | nuclear perfusion study
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| The contraction phase of the heart | systole
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| The relaxation phase of the heart | diastole
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| treatment for a cardiac arrhythmias, usually performed under fluoroscopic guidance | cardiac ablation
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| Tubular space or channel within any organ or structure of the body; space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube | lumen
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| Type of MRI scan that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to provide detailed images of blood vessels | magnetic resonance angiogram/graphy (MRA)
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| Ultrasonography that is used to visualize internal cardiac structures, produce images of the heart, and assess cardiac output | echocardiogram (ECHO)
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| Ultrasonography used to assess blood flow through blood vessels and the heart | Doppler ultrasonography
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| Widening of the lumen of a blood vessel caused by the relaxing of the muscles of the vascular walls | vasodilation
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| Hardening and narrowing of an artery along with the loss of its elasticity | arteriosclerosis
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Created by:
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