Defense and Coping Mechanisms
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| Id | primarily unconscious; immediate gratification of the drives
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| Superego | conscious and unconscious components; what should and shouldn't be done
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| Ego | mediator between the id and superego; person vs. reality
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| Perception | collection, identification, organization, and interpretation of sensory information to represent and understand the environment
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| Learning | acquisition of new, modifying, and reinforcing existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences
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| Reality Testing | ego's capacity to distinguish what is occurring in one's own mind from what is occurring in the external world
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| Thinking | ability to have logical, coherent, and abstract thoughts
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| Comperehension | ability to understand; action of grasping with intellect
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| Affect | experience of feeling or emotion
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| Judgment | capability to make decisions after careful thoughts; discernment
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| Denial | reality ignored to avoid painful feelings and memories
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| Distortion | altering one's perception of the environment by replacing reality with a more acceptable version in order to suit the inner needs
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| Projection | casting out unacceptable thoughts or feelings into others
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| Acting Out | performing an extreme behavior in order to express thoughts or feelings the person feels incapable of otherwise expressing
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| Passive-Aggressive Behavior | expression of hostile feelings in a non-aggressive or non-confrontational manner
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| Regression | attempt to go back to an earlier phase of functioning in an attempt to avoid current tension
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| Schizoid Fantasy | retreating into one's private internal world to avoid anxiety
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| Somatization | converting emotional pain into physical symptoms and focusing one's attention on somatic rather than intrapsychic concerns
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| Hypochondriasis | exaggerating or overmphasizing an illness for the purpose of evasion and regression
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| Displacement | transferring an emotion association to another where the expression is more permitted, less forbidden, and more acceptable
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| Intellectualization | overemphasis on thinking to deal with emotional issues; avoidance of expression of emotion
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| Rationalization | offering rational explanations in an attempt to justify beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors or failures that is otherwise unacceptable or intolerable
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| Isolation of Affect | separating an idea from its associated emotion
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| Reaction Formation | unacceptable wishes are transformed into the complete opposite
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| Repression | expelling or excluding acceptable ideas or impulses or blocking them from entering consciousness
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| Sexualization | colored with sexual overtones that were either not there, or if present, were subtle
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| Altruism | committing oneself to the needs of others over and above one's own needs
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| Anticipation | delaying immediate gratification by planning and thinking about future achievements and accomplishment
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| Ascetism | attempt to eliminate pleasurable aspects of experiences
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| Humor | finding something comic in difficult situations to reduce unpleasant affect and personal discomfot
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| Sublimation | channeling of unacceptable impulse, thoughts, and emotions into acceptable ones
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| Suppression | conscious decision to delay paying attention to an emotion or need in order to cope with the present reality
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| Identification | internalizing the qualities of another person and becoming like the person
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| Undoing | an attempt to take back an unconscious behavior or thought that is unacceptable or hurtful
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| Narcissistic, Immature, Mature, Neurotic | classifications of defense mechanisms
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| Defense Deregulation Level | characterized by failure of defensive regulation to contain the individual's reaction to stressors, leading to a pronounced break with objective reality
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| Action Level | characterized by defensive functioning that deals with internal or external stressors by action or withdrawal
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| Major Image Distorting Level | characterized by gross distortion or misattribution of the image of self or others
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| Disavowal Level | characterized by keeping unpleasant or unacceptable stressors, impulses, ideas, affects, or responsibility out of awareness with or without a misattribtuion of these to external causes
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| Minor Image Distorting Level | characterized by distortions in the image of the self, body, or others that may be employed to regulate self-esteem
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| Mental Inhibitions Level | compromise formation; keeps potentially threatening ideas, feelings, memories, wishes, or fears our of awareness
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| High Adaptive Level | results in optimal adaptation in the handling of stressors; usually maximize gratification and allow the conscious awareness of feelings, ideas, and their consequences; promote optimum balance among conflicting motives
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