respiratory system
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| apico | apex
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| broncho | bronchi
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| bronchio | bronchi
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| bronchiolo | bronchioles
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| lobo | lobe
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| phreno | diaphragm or mind
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| phono | voice
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| spiro | to breathe
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| -ation | process
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| -capnia | carbon dioxide
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| pnea | breathing
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| ptysis | splitting
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| nares | nostrils
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| nasal septum | hollow interior of nose that is separated into right and left cavities
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| auditory tube | aka eustachian tube, narrow channel connecting the middle ear and the nasopharynx
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| glottis | vocal apparatus of the larynx
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| epiglottis | lid-like structure composed of cartilage and covers the larynx when swallowing food
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| vocal cords | aka vocal folds, pair of strong bands of elastic tissue with a mouth-like opening through which air passes, creating sound
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| bronchi | lined with cilia that propel mucous up and away from the lower airway, branch to become bronchioles
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| bronchioles | structures that lead to alveolar ducts
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| alveoli | small pockets where carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged between inspired air and capillary blood
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| endotracheal | within the trachea
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| mediastinum | middle portion of the thoracic cavity between the two lungs
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| hilum | depression where blood vessels enter and leave the lung
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| pleura | membrane that surrounds the lungs
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| visceral pleura | covers lung surface, surrounds the lung
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| parietal pleura | lines the WALLs of thoracic cavity
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| pleural cavity | contains thin film of pleural fluid that acts as a lubricant as the lungs expand and contract during respiration
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| diaphragm | muscular partition that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities, DIAPHRAGMA
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| bronchogram | film obtained by bronchography
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| spirometry | measurement of air take into and expelled from the lungs
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| pulse oximeter | photoelectric device for determining the oxygen saturation of the blood in a pulsating capillary bed
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| rhonchus | abnormal rumbling sound that clears on coughing
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| wheeze | musical noise that sounds like a squeak
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| crackles | discontinuous bubbling noises during inspiration that are not cleared by coughing
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| friction rub | dry, grating sound. May be a sign of lung disease
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| stridor | high pitched musical sound caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx, most often heard during inspiration
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| phlegm | thick mucus secreted by the membranes of the respiratory passages
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| sputum | is phlegm or other material that is coughed up from lungs
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| thromboembolic | pertains to the obstruction of a blood vesse with material from a blood clot
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| apnea | absence of spontaneous breathing
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| cheyne-stokes respiration | alternating periods of apnea and deep rapid breathing, occurring more frequently during sleep
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| asphyxia/asphyxiation | condition caused by insufficient oxygen intake
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| hyperpnea | exaggerated deep, rapid or labored respiration, occurs normally during exercise
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| hyperventilation | excessive aeration of the lungs, commonly reduces carbon dioxide levels
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| ph below 7.0 | acidic
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| ph above 7.0 | alkaline
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| acidemia | arterial blood ph below 7.35
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| alkalemia | blood ph above 7.45
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| orthopnea | breathing is difficult except in an upright position
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| tachypnea | breathing rate of 25 breaths per minute at rest
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| influenza | highly contagious disease, characterized by fever, respiratory symptoms muscle aches and weakness
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| pigeon chest | congenital structural defect characterized by prominent sternal protrusion
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| funnel chest | indentation of the lower sternum
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| barrel chest | large rounded thorax
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| anthraco | coal
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| atelo | imperfect or incomplete
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| conio | dust
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| meta | change; next, as in series
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| -ptysis | spitting
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| asthma | recurring episodes of paroxysmal wheezing and dyspnea, constriction of the bronchi, coughing and viscous bronchial secretions
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| paroxysmal | sudden recurrence or intensity of symptoms
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| pneumonia or pneumonitis | inflammation of the lungs from bacteria or fungus
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| pleural effusion | collection of non purulent fluid in the pleural
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| non purulent | not containing pus
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| pyothorax or empyema | pleural effusion contains pus
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| pulmonary fibrosis | fibrous condition of the connective tissue of the lungs, resulting from the formation of scar tissue
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| hemothorax | accumulation of blood and fluid in the pleural cavity
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| pneumothorax | air or gas in the pleural cavity, leads to collapse of the lung
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| pleurisy | aka pleuritis
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| pleuropneumonia | inflammation of both the pleura and lungs
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| pleural adhesions | pleural membranes stick together or on to the wall of the chest and produce pain on movement or breathing
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| pulmonary edema | accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung
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| congestive heart failure | work demanded of the heart is greater than its ability to perform; can result in a lung disorder pulmonary edema
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| embolus | blockage or obstruction
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| pneumoconiosis | any disease of the lung caused by chronic inhalation of dust
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| mesothelium | layer of epithelial cells that cover the pleura and the peritoneum
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| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aka chronic obstructive lung disease. Progressive and irreversible respiratory problems in which dyspnea and chronic cough are prominent
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| emphysema | overinflation and destructive changes in alveolar walls
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| cystic fibrosis | inherited disorder of the exocrine glands, involves lungs, pancreas and sweat glands.
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| atelectasis | abnormal condition characterized by the collapse of all or part of a lung
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| sinusitis | inflammation of one or more paranasal sinuses
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| rhinitis | inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose. Acute rhinitis aka coryza
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| epistaxis | nose bleed
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| dysphasia | impairment of speech, lack of coordination and an inability to arrange words in their proper order
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| aphonia | inability to produce normal speech sounds, resulting from overuse of the vocal cords or anxiety
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| dysphonia | hoarseness or abnormality in the speaking voice that may precede aphonia
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| pharyngomycosis | a fungal infection of the pharynx
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| rhinitis | inflammation of the nasal membranes
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| diphtheria and pertussis | acute contagious respiratory diseases. Cased by pathogenic bactieria
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| pertussis | whooping cough
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| corona virus | severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Characterized by fever body aches and mild respiratory symptoms
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| expectorate | cough up and spit out
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| bronchiolectasis | dilation of the bronchioles
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| bronchiolitis | inflammation of the bronchioles
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| bronchitis | inflammation fo the bronchi
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| tracheostenosis | narrowing of the lumen of the trachea
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| heimlich maneuver | method of dislodging food or other obstruction from windpipe
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| tracheostomy | surgical creation of an opening in the trachea
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| stoma | general term for a mouth-like opening
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| nasal cannulae | small tubes inserted into the nares
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| tracheostomy tube | used for prolonged airway management
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| endotracheal intubation | air way catheter inserted through the mouth or nose
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| orotracheal intubation and nasotracheal intubation | insertion of a tube through the mouth or nose into the trachea
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| extracorporeal membrane oxygenator | device used in a hospital to provide respiratory support by circulating the blood through an artificial lung
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| thoracoplasty | surgical procedure that involves removing ribs and allowing the chest wall to collapse a lung
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| continuous positive airway pressure ventilation | nonsurgical method to prevent airway collapse
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| pulmonologist | physician specializing in evaluating and treating lung disorders
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| nebulizers | used to administer medications that are inhaled
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| bronchodilators | medications used in asthma and other respiratory conditions that constrict the airways
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| decongestants | cause vasoconstriction of the nasal membranes, eliminating or reducing welling or congestion
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| antitussive | against coughing
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