administering IV medications in large animals
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| The most common site for IV administration in equine patients is | the jugular vein
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| What area on the neck is best used for IV administration in horses | the most cranial half of the neck on the right side (away from where the esophagus is) so that the muscle layer protects the underlying caroid artery from potential puncture
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| IV venipuncture is acheieved by | inserting the needle only once blood drips attach the syringe for sample collection
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| how do you know if you are in the vein or artery | arterial blood will forcibly pulse out of the hub of the needle and tends to be bright red. whereas venous blood will steadily drip and tends to be darker red
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| why is it important to make sure the needle is in the vein and not the artery | because if the medication is given into the artery goes directly to the brain and can result in violent reaction and even death
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| complications associated with IV administration of medications include | anaphylactic reaction, sweating, hives, anxiety, agitation, difficulty breathing and collapse
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| when large amounts of medications need to be administered what is the best route | IV catheterization in the jugular vein, cephalic vein and the latera throacic vein
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| what type of catheters can be maintained in veins for longer periods and are less thrombogenic | polyurethane and Silastic catheters
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| Jugular catheters should be inserted in what direction | toward the heart, the direction of blood flow
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| before administering any medications via the jugular catheter | the injection port should be wipped with alcohol to prevent bacterial contamination
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| what size and type catheter should be used for large animals | 14-16 ga usually 3.25 inches OTN, or guide wire-type catheters
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| If using a guide wire type catheter what is the most important rule | NEVER let go of the guide wire until the catheter has been sucessfully placed and the guide wire fully removed
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| the most important thing in placing IV in bovine | is proper restraint
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| for smaller volumes of non-irritating medications which vein can be used in bovine | coccygeal vein, used mainly in dairy cows which are the most tolerant
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| which vein should never be used for IV injection | the subcutaneous abdominal vein
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| this vein is not typically used for IV injections but can be used for IV injections of small amounts of medications | auricular vein, the ear vein
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| what size IV catheter is used in adult cattle | 12-16 ga 5.75 inch
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| what are the materials needed for IV catheterization | catheter, flush, T-port, razor, clippers, scrub , suture, sterile gloves, bandage material
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| ovine and caprine best injection spot for IV meds is | goat and sheep, the jugular vein 20-22 ga 1 inch
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| IV administration in porcine (pigs) is best done at the | for adult pigs auricular veins located on the dorsal aspect of the pinna. for babies the jugular vein is the best option
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| which type of catheter is used in porcine | 19 - 21 ga butterfly or an 18 ga OTN
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| complications from IV catheterization include | phlebitis, thrombophlebitis and local cellulitis, speticemia
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| the technician should be on the lookout for what types of clues | swelling, heat, pus, a thick corded feel to the vein or the appearance of fluid from the catheter site
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