Endocrine Spelling with Definitions
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| Addison disease | chronic disorder of the adrenal glands caused by a deficiency of cortical hormones
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| adenoma | tumor of a gland
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| antidiuretic hormone | Vasopressin: promotes reabsorption of water in the kidneys
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| adrenal cortex | outer section of the adrenal gland which secretes steroids
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| adrenalectomy | surgical excision of an adrenal gland
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| adrenal glands | two bean-shaped glands situated on top oof the kidneys which secrete steroids and sex hormones
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| adrenal medulla | inner section of the adrenal gland which secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine
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| aldosterone | steroid produced in the adrenal cortex. is essential to life. maintain sodium and potassium levels
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| atrophy | lack of development
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| cortisol | a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex
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| Cushing syndrome | disorder caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, resulting in excessive production of steroids
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| diabetes mellitus | a common pancreatic disorder involving insulin secretion into the blood, either too much or too little quantities
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| dwarfism | a condition of being abnormally small; may be hereditary or an endocrine dysfunction
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| endocrinology | the study of ductless glands, their secretions, and their function of homeostasis
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| epinephrine | adrenaline - produced in the adrenal medulla. increases heart rate, fat metabolism for energy, and dilates the bronchial tubes
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| endocrine glands | glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream
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| exophthalmos | protrusion of eyes due to swelling in tissues; often associated with Graves disease
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| gigantism | abnormal overgrowth of the entire body caused by hypersecretion of pituitary growth hormone before puberty
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| glucogenesis | formation of glucose from glycogen
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| glucocorticoids | steroids in the adrenal cortex that influence the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins
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| glycogen | substance in which carbohydrates are stored in the liver for future conversion into sugar
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| hyperglycemia | excessive amount of sugar in the blood
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| hyperinsulinism | excessive amount of insulin in the blood - insulin shock
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| hypersecretion | excessive secretion
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| hypocalcemia | abnormally low amount of calcium in the blood
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| hypoglycemia | too little sugar in the blood
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| hypogonadism | underdevelopment of internal secretions of male sex glands
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| hypokalemia | extreme depletion of potassium in the body usually lost in diuresis
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| hyposecretion | inadequate secretion
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| islets of Langerhans | clusters of cells in the pancreas whcih produce insulin and glucagon
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| ketoacidosis | an acute stage of diabetes mellitus characterized by hypotension and, eventually, coma
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| metabolism | process in which substances are broken down or built up during chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life
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| mineralocorticoids | hormones in the adrenal cortex that regulate water and mineral salts (electrolytes) in the body
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| norepinephrine | noradrenaline: produced in the adrenal mendulla. increases blood pressure and constricts vessels
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| oral hypoglycemics | medications used to stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin
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| pancreas | an organ that contains groups of cells called the islets of Langerhans which produce endocrine secretions, such as insulin and glucagon
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| parathyroid glands | four seperate glands that are located on the posterior surface of the lobes of the thyroid gland
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| pineal gland | pine-coned shaped gland that is attached to the posterior part of the third ventricle of the brain whcih secretes melatonin
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| pituitary gland | hypophysis: pea-shaped gland that is located at the base of the brain
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| polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| polyphagia | a condition of eating abnormally large amounts of food
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| serum glucose tests | blood tests to aid in the digestion of insulin deficiency
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| somatotropin | human growth hormone found in the anterior pitutiary lobe
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| thyroid echogram | ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland
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| thyroid gland | largest gland on the endocrine system. located in the neck, just below the larynx
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| thyrotoxicosis | abnormal condition of poisoning of the thyroid gland
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| thyrotoxine (T4) | one of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid. regulates metabolism and energy levels
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| triidothyronine (T3) | one of the two marjor hormones produced, stored and released by the thyroid gland
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Created by:
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