Terminology Abbreviations
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| ABG | artierial blood gases
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| ACTH | adenocorticotrophic hormone (hormone sectred by anterior lob of pituitary gland)
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| ADH | antidiuretic hormone (decreases formation of urine)
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| AFB | acid-fast bacillus (rod-shaped micororganism not readily decolorized by acids)
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| ant | anterior
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| AP | anteroposterior
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| APTT | activated partial thromboplastin time (measure intrinsic pathway of coagulation)
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| BE | barium enema (intraluminal contrast agent)
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| BMI | body mass index
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| BMR | basal metabolic rate
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| BUN | blood urea nitrogen (blood; chief nitrogenous constituent of urine; gaseous chemical)
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| Bx, bx | biopsy
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| C&S | culture and sensitivity (organism causing illness; medicine/antibiotic to treat illness)
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| C&T | crossmatch and type
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| CBC | completed blood count
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| CK | creatine kinase (cardiac enzyme); conductive keratoplasty (corneal grafting)
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| CO2 | carbon dioxide
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| CRP | C-reactive protein
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| CSF | cerebro spinal fluid
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| CT | computed tomography (a computerized x-ray scanning/produces a sectional anatomic image)
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| CXR | chest x-ray; chest radiograph
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| DI | diabetes insipidus (excessive elimination of dilute (watery) urine); diagnostic imaging
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| DKA | diabetic ketoacidosis (acidosis caused by an accumulation of ketone bodies)
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| DM | diabetes mellitus
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| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid (biological instructions that make each species unique)
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| DSA | digital subtraction angiography (computer to investigate arterial blood circulation)
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| Dx | diagnosis
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| ECG | electrocardiogram
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| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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| EMG | electromyography (electrical activity of selected skeletal muscle groups)
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| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (following injection of a) radiopaque material into the papilla of Vater
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| ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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| FBS | fasting blood sugar
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| FS | frozen section
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| FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone (stimulates maturation of the ovarian follicles in women)
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| GB/GBS | gallbadder series
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| GH | growth hormone
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| GTT | glucose tolerance test
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| Hb | hemoglobin
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| HbA1c | glycated hemoglobin (average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time)
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| HBV | hepatitis B virus
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| Hct | hematocrit
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| HDL | high-density lipoprotein
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| HIV | human immumodeficiency virus
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| HRT | hormone replacement therapy
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| IDDM | insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
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| I&D | incision and drainage
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| INR | international normalized ratio (pt blood is tested to determine its level of anticoagulation)
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| IV-GTT | intravenous glucose tolerance test
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| IVP | intravenous pyelogram (radiopaque material is given intravenously); intravenous pyelography
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| K | potassium
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| KUB | kidney, ureter (tube carries urine) and bladder
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| LAT, lat | lateral
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| LDH | lactic dehydrogenase (enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of lactate)
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| LDL | low-density lipoprotein
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| LH | luteinizing hormone (produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary)
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| LLQ | left lower quadrant
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| LP | lumbar puncture
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| LS | lumbosacral (P2 lumbar vertebrates and the sacrum) spine
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| LUQ | left upper quadrant
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| MCH | mean cell hemoglobin
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| MCHC | mean cell hemoglobin concentration
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| Mg | magnesium
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| mg/dl, mg/dL | milligrams per deciliter
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| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging (behaviour of protons when placed in powerful magnetic fields to make images)
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| MSH | melancyte-stimulating hormone
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| Na | sodium
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| NIDDM | non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
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| NPH | neutral protamine Hagedorn (intermediate-acting insulin given to help control the blood sugar)
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| O&P | ova and parasite
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| OB | occult blood; obstetrics
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| P | phosphorus; pulse
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| Pap | papanicolaou test
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| PBI | protein-bound iodine
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| PCO2 | partial pressure of carbon dioxide
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| PET | positron emission tomography (reconstruction of brain sections by using PET)
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| PFT | pulmonary function test
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| PGH | pituitary growth hormone
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| post | posterior
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| PRL | prolactin (hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland)
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| PSA | prostate-specific antigen (protein made by the cells of the prostate gland)
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| PT | prothrombin time; physical therapy
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| PTH | parathyroid hormone
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| PTT/aPTT/APTT | partial thromboplastin time (the time needed for plasma to clot after the addition of partial thromboplastin)
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| RAI | radioactive iodine
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| RAIU | radioactive iodine uptake
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| RBC | red blood cell
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| RF | rheumatoid factor; radio frequency
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| RLQ | right lower quadrant
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| RUQ | right upper quadrant
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| S&A | sugar and acetone
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| SBF | small bowel follow-through
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| SGOT | serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase
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| SGPT | serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase
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| sono | sonogram (the record obtained by the use of ultrasonography)
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| SPECT | single-photon emission computed tomography
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| Sx | symptoms
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| T&S | type and screen
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| T3 | triiodothyronine (thryroid hormone)
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| T4 | thyroxine
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| TFT | thyroid function test
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| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone
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| Tx | treatment
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| U&L, U/L | upper and lower
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| UA | urinalysis
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| UGI | upper gastrointestinal series
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| US | ultrasound; ultrasonic
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| VDRL | venereal disease research laboratory
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| VMA | vanillylmandelic acid test (VMA in their urine)
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| WBC | white blood count
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