WVSOM Class of 2012 Mendelian Genetics
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| what term means analysis of inheritance patterns to identify and characterize genes? | genetics
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| what term means biological factors that induce particular traits? | genes
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| what term means alternate forms of a given gene, inherited from different parents? | alleles
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| what term means an allele which always determines the phenotype? | dominant
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| what term means an allele which only determines phenotype in the absence of a dominant allele? | recessive
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| what term means an entity that carries a mutation? It can be an allele, or an individual. | mutant
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| what term means the combination of alleles in an individual? | genotype
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| what term means observable characteristics, i.e. the physical manifestation of the genotype? | phenotype
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| what term means to carry both copies of the same allele, i.e. both dominant or recessive? | homozygous
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| what term means to have different alleles, i.e. one dominant and one recessive? | heterozygous
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| what term means a homozygous individual? | homozygote
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| what term means a heterozygous individual? | heterozygote
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| what term means a cross where one gene locus is tracked, e.g. Aa x Aa? | monohybrid cross
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| what term means a cross where two loci are tracked, e.g. AaBb x AaBb? | dibybrid cross
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| what term means a cross where three loci are tracked, e.g. AaBbCc x AaBbCc? | tribybrid cross
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| what term means the first generation produced in a series of crosses? | filial one (F1)
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| what term means the second generation produced in a series of crosses? | filial two (F2)
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| what term means inheritance of alleles at one locus does not influence inheritance at other loci? | independent assortment
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| what term means sex determining chromosome, X or Y? | sex chromosomes
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| what term means any chromosome except X or Y? | autosome
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| what term means a gene located on the X chromosome? | x-linked (sex linked)
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| what term means any gene not located on X, or characteristic not associated with X? | autosomal
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| in which gene abbreviation scheme is the recessive shown as a lower case letter, the dominant upper case? | scheme 1
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| in which gene abbreviation scheme is the recessive shown as a lower case, italicized abbreviation (usually three letters), and the dominant with the same letters but with a + superscript? | scheme 2
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| in which gene abbreviation scheme is the recessive shown in lower case italics, the dominant or wild type as a +? | scheme 3
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| in a monohybrid cross, what is the ratio for the F2 genotype? | 1:2:1
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| in a monohybrid cross, what is the ratio for the F2 phenotype? | 3:1
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| in a dihybrid cross, what is the ratio for the F2 genotype? | 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1
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| in a dihybrid cross, what is the ratio for the F2 phenotype? | 9:3:3:1
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| nheritance at one locus is dependent of another. is this true or false? | false
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| why is there an equal number of F1 gametes in a dihybrid cross? | independent assortment
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| in a dihybrid cross, how many possible combinations occur in the F2 progeny? | 16
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| what do the numbers 9:3:3:1 represent in the dihybrid F2 phenotype? | 9 are dominant for trait 1 and trait 2; 3 are dominant for trait 1 and recessive for trait 2; 3 are recessive for trait 1 and dominant for trait 2; 1 is recessive for traits 1 and 2
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| what purpose does a test cross serve? | it reveals recessive alleles by guaranteeing that they pair with other recessive alleles
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| what is the ratio when crossing a homozygous recessive with a heterozygote? | 1:1
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| what is the genotype ratio in a test cross? | 1:1
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| what is the phenotype ratio in a test cross? | 1:1
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| what question does complementation answer? | if two mutants with the same phenotype are produced by mutations of the same gene, or by mutations of separate genes
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| why are mutations in different genes complementary? | because the F1 are wild type heterozygotes
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| why are mutations in the same genes non-complimentary? | because the F1 are homozygous mutant
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