A&P.tricOH.skeleton2.fall 08
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| functional classes of joints (3) | FIBROUS, CARTILAGINOUS AND SYNOVIAL - THE major connective tissue
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| fibrous joints | Fibrous connective tissue; NO joint cavity, littel or no movement Ex. sutures, syndesmoses - joint between ulna and radius (the radioulnar)
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| cartilaginous joint | unite two bones by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage -
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| synarthrotic | syn - prefix meaning "together" - "joined" arthrotic "joint"
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| synarthrosis | means "non-movable joint"
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| synchrondroses | epiphyseal plate - the diaphysis and epiphysis of a long bone
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| synchrondroses (Ex.) | the sphenoocipital joint - between spenoid and occipital bone
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| amphi athrosis | slightly moveable joint - amphi - Meaning on both sides; surrounding, double
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| di arthrosis | freely moveable
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| fibrous joints | 2 bones united by fibrous connective tissue - Ex. teeth, skull bones
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| fibrous joints (3 classes) | NO MOvement - so they are sutures - syndesmoses or gomphoses
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| sutures | fibrous joints - bones of the skull - seams
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| syn desmosis | fibrous joint- bones are joined by ligaments - right radioulnar syndesmosis
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| syndesmosis - how to remember? | "send to outer space" use RADIO-ulnar radioulnar syndesmosis
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| amphiarthrotic joints | slightly moveable joint-stylohyoid - styloid process and hyoid bone - teeth & alveolar process
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| cartilaginous joint | two bones joined by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
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| What are cartilaginous joints containg hyaline cartilage called? | synchondroses syn "together" with chondroses "cartilage" osis - condition
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| Ex. of synchondroses | 1. Epiphyseal plate - the diaphysis and epiphysis of a long bone 2. first rib & sternum NOTE - most synchondroses are temporary; bone replacing them to form synostoses
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| What are cartilaginous joints with fibrocatilage joints Examples | manubrium & body of sternum
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| synovial or diarthritic joint | "syn" & "ovum" (with an egg) movable joint
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| synovial or diarthritic joints contain | synovial membrane - connective tissue membrane that lines the cavity of a synovial joint & produces synovial fluid
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| What is synovial fluid? | contains fats, proteins & Hyaluronic acid
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| joint or fibrous capsule | any fibrous envelope of a joint -
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| bursae | "purse" the BURSAR of the university- of the knee
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| capsular ligaments | ??
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| menisci | crescent-shaped pad - fibrocartilaginous - at knee & wrist
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| How many types of synovial joints? (6) | 1.Hinge (elbow) 2. plane (gliding) vertebrae 3. pivot (radius & ulna) 4. condyloid or ellipsoid joint - occipital joint at base of skull 5. saddle (carpometacarpal joint of thumb) 6. ball and socket (shoulders and hips)
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| synovial joints - hinge joints | MONOaxial movements - cylinder in one bone fitting to concavity in another bone - Elbow & knee
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| synovial joints - plane (gliding) | MONOAXIAL - two opposed surfaces of about equal size - slight amount of motion- VERTEBRAE
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| synovial joints - pivot | MONOAXIAL - turns around on one plane - proximal end of ulna -
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| synovial joints - condyloid or ellipsoid | modified ball-and-socket joints - BIAXIAL - the atlantooccipital joint is an example
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| synovial joints - saddle | SADDLE - two saddle-shaped articulating surfaces oriented at right angles to each other
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| synovial joints - ball and socket | MULTIAXIAL - ball (head) at end of one bone & socket in adjacent bone into which ball fits
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| flexion and extension | flexion - arm swings anterior to coronal plane; extension - arms swings posterior to coronal plane
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| abduction and adduction | abduction (to take away) Ex. jumping jack - arms flung out adduction (to bring together) ex. jumping jack (bring arms back down)
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| rotation and circumduction | rotation - turn around long axis, such as head, humerus circumduction - arm moves all the way around
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| pronation and supination | Unique to forearm - prone (facedown) palm faces posteriorly supination (faceup) means palm is faceup (Both are while arm is extended)
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| inversion and eversion | Inversion - foot faces inward - eversion foot swings out [sometimes called supination/pronation like hand]
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| dorsiflexion and plantar flexion | dorsiflexion - feet up - plantar flexion toes pointed ballerina-style
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| flexion |
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| vertebra | Identify: body, intervertebral disk; intervertebral foramina; neural or vertebral arch; pedicles; laminae; superior and inferior articulating processes; facets; transverse processes; spinous process; vertebral or spinal foramen; vertebral or spinal canal
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| how many bones in vertebral column? | 26 -
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| How many cervical vertebrae? | 7 - "serve 7"
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| How many thoracic vertebrae? | 12 - "order a dozen" ribs
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| How man lumbar vertebrae? | 5 - lum BARS to support you
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| how many sacral vertebrae? | 1 "it's sacred"
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| coccygeal bones - how many | 1 - just one tail!
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