Oncology: Cancers & Causes
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| anaplasia | loss of cell differentiation
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| apoptosis | normal death of cells
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| benign | encapsulated; not malignant
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| cytoplas, | outer portion of cell surrounding nucleus
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| dedifferentiated | lacking normal orderly cell arrangement
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| differentiated | growing in orderly fashion
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| dysplasia | abnormal tissue growth
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| encapsulated | held with in capsule; benign
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| heteroplasia | dysplasia
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| malignant | growing uncontrollably
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| invasive | infiltrating other organs; spreading
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| mitosis | cell division
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| mutation | alteration in dna to produce defective cells
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| neoplasm | tumor; new growth
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| oncogene | dna fragment that causes malignancies
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| sarcoma | relativiely rare tumor that orginates in muscle; connective tissue; lymph
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| solid tumor | carcinoma; most common type of tumor
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| teratoma | growth containing several types of tissue and various types of cells
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| tuomr | growth made up of cells that reproduce abnormally
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| blasto | immature cell
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| carcino | cancer
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| muta | genetic change
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| mutageno | genetic change
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| onco | tumor
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| radio | radiation xrays
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| blast | immature cell
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| oma omata | tumor
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| plasia | formation
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| plasm | formation
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| plastic | formative
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| all | acute lymphocytic leukemia
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| aml | acute myelogenous leukemia
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| bx | biopsy
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| ca | carcinoma
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| chemo | chemotherapy
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| cea | carcinogenic embryonic antigen
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| cll | chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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| cml | chronic myelogenous leukemia
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| des | diethylstilbbestrol
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| dna | deoxyribonucleic acid
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| dre | digital rectal exam
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| er | estrogen receptor
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| mets | metastases
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| nhl | non hodgkin's lymphoma
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| psa | prostate specific antigen
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| rad | radiation absorbed dose
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| rna | ribonucleic acid
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| rt | radiation therapy
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| tnm | tumor nodes metastasis
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| tx | treatmenet
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| xrt | xray or radiation therapy
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| alveolar | forming small sacs
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| anaplastic | reverting to more immature form
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| carcinoma in situ | contained at site w/o spreading
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| diffuse | spreading evenly
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| cystic | filled with fluid
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| dysplastic | abnormal cell appearance
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| epidermoid | resembling epithelial cells
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| folicular | containing glandular sacs
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| fungating | grwoing in mushroom like pattern
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| grade | level of maturity of tumor
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| hyperchromatic | intensely ccolored
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| hyperplastic | excessive development of cells
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| hypoplastic | underdeveloped as tissue
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| inflammatory | having inflamed appearance (red and swollen)
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| medullary | large and fleshy
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| necrotic | containing dead tissue
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| nodular | formed in tight clusters
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| papillary | having papillae projecting from cells
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| pleomorphic | having many types of cells
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| polypoid | containing polyps
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| protocol | course of treatment
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| radiation | bombarding of tumors with rays that damage the dna of cells
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| scirrhous | hard densely packed
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| stage | degree of tumor spread
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| tnm system | tumor node metastsis system of categorixing tumors
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| ulcerating | having open wounds
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| undifferentiated | lacking defined cell structure
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| verrucous | wartlike in appearance
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| brush biopsy | passing of catheter with bristles into ureter to gather eclls for examination
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| cryosurgery | destruction by freezing
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| electrocauterization | destruction by burning tissue
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| excisional biopsy | removal of tumor and surrounding tissue for examination
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| exenteration | removal of organ tumor and surrounding tissue
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| exfoliative biopsy | scraping of skin cells from skin surface for examination
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| fulguration | destruction by high frequency current
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| incisional biopsy | removal of part of tumor for examination
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| needle biopsy | removal of cells for examination by aspirating them with needle
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| lympectomy | removal of localized tumor
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| resctioning | removal of tumor and large amount of surrounding tissue
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| tylectomy | removal of localized tumro
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| biological therapy | treatment of cancer with agents from body that increase immune response
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| chemotherapy | treatment of cancer using drugs
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| gene therapy | mehtod of treatment using genetically changed cells to cure or lessen symptoms of disease
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| modality | method of treatment
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