Digestive System
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| pepsin | digests almost all types of proteins
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| hydrochloric acid | provides acidic environment for action of pepsin
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| mucus | provides alkaline protective layer on inside of stomach wall
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| absorption | passing of nutrients into blood stream
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| alimentary canal | muscular tube from mouth to anus; digestive tract; gastrointestinal tract
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| amino acid | chemical compound that results from digestion of complex proteins
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| amylase | enzyme that is part of pancreatic juice and saliva and that begins the digstion of carbs
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| anal canal | part of digestive tract extending from rectum to anus
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| anus | place which feces exits body
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| appendage | any body part inside or outside either subordinate to larger part of having no specific central function
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| appendiz | wormlike appendage to cecum
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| bile | yellowish brown to greenish fluid secreted by liver and tored in gallbladder; aids in fat digestion
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| bilirubin | pigment contained in bile
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| body | middle section of stomach
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| bowel | intestine
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| cecum | pouch at top of large intestine connected to bottom of ilem
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| cheeks | walls of oral cavity
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| chyme | semisolid mass of partially digested food and gastric juicces that passes from stomach to small intestine
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| colon | major portion of large intestine
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| defecation | release of feces from anus
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| deglutition | swallowing
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| digestion | conversion of food into nutrients for body and into waste products for release from body
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| duodenum | top part of si where shyme mixes with bile, pancreatic, juice, and intestinal juice to continue digestive process
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| elimination | conversion of waste material from liquid to semisolid and removal of that material via defecatoin
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| emesis/reguritation/reflux | backward flow from normal direction
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| emulsification | breaking down of fats
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| enyme | protein that causes chemical changes in substances in digestive tract
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| epiglottis | movable flap of tissue that vcovers trachea
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| esophagus | part of alimentary canal from pharynx to stomach
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| fatty acid | acid derived from fat during digestive process
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| feces | semisolid waste that moves thru large intestine to anus where it is released
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| frenulum | muscous membrane that attaches the tongue to floor of mouth
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| fundus | upper portion of stomach
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| gallbladder | organ on lower surface of liver; stores bile
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| glucose | sugar found in fruits and plants and stored in various parts of body
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| glycogen | starch that can be converted into glucose
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| gums | fleshy sockets that hold teeth
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| ileum | bottom part of si that connects to li
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| hard palate | hard anterior portion of palate at roof of mouth
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| jejunum | middle section of si
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| lingual tonsils | two mounds of lymph tissue at back of tongue
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| lips | two musclar folsd formerd around outside boundary of mouth
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| lipase | enzyme contained in pancreatic juice
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| liver | organ imporrtant in digestive and metabolic functions secretes bile
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| mastication | chewing
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| mesentery | membranous tissue that attaches small and large intestines to muscular wall at dorsal part of abdomen
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| mouth | cavity in face which food and water is ingets
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| palatine tonsils | mounds of lymphatic tissue on either side of pharynx
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| papilla | tiny projection on superior surface of tongue (taste buds)
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| pancrease | digestive organ that secrets digestive fluids; endocrine gland that regulates blood sugar
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| pepsin | digestive enzyme in gastric juice
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| peristalsis | coordinated rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle that forces food thru digestive tract
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| pharynx | tube thru which food passes to esophagus
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| pylorus | narrowed bottom part of stomach
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| rectum | bottom portion of li; connected to anal canal
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| rugae | folds in stomach lining' irregular ridges of mucous membrane on hard palate
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| salivary glands | glands in mouth that secrete fluisd that aid in breaking down food
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| saliva | fluid secreted by salviary glands; contains amylase
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| sigmoid colon | s shaped part of li connectin at bottom to rectum
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| small intestine | 24 ft long tube that continues that process of digestion started in stomach; place where most absoprtion occurs
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| large instestine | passageway in intestinal tract for waste received from si to be excreted thru anus; place where water reabsorption takes place
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| soft palate | soft posterior part of palate in mouth
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| stomach | large sac between esophagus and si place where food is broken down
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| tongue | flshy part of mouth that moves food during mastication and speech
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| throat | pharynx
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| stool | feces
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| uvula | cone shaped projection hanging down from soft palate
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| villus | tiny fingerliek projection on lining of small intestine with capillaries thru which digested nutrients are absorbed into blood stream and lymphatic system
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| ano | anus
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| bilo bili | bile
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| apendo appendico | appendix
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| bucco | cheek
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| ceco | cecum
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| celio | abdomen
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| chole cholo | bile
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| cholangio | bile vessel
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| cholecysto | gallbladder
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| choledocho | common bile duct
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| colo colono | colon
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| duodeno | duodenum
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| entero | intestines
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| esophago | esophagus
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| gastro | stomach
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| glosso | tongue
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| gluco | glucose
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| glyco | sugar
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| glycogeno | glycogen
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| hepato | liver
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| ileo | ileum
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| jejuno | jejunum
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| labio | lip
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| linguo | tongue
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| oro | mouth
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| pancreato | pancreas
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| peritoneo | peritoneum
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| pharyngo | pharynx
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| pyloro | pylorus
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| procto | anus rectum
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| recto | rectum
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| sialo | saliva salivary gland
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| sialadeno | salivary gland
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| sigmoido | sigmoid colon
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| steato | fats
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| stomato | mouth
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| alt at | alanine transaminase
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| ast | aspartic acid trasaminase
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| be | barium enema
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| bm | bowel movement
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| egd | esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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| ercp | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
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| gerd | gastroesophageal reflux disease
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| gi | gastrointestinal
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| ibd | inflammatory bowel disease
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| ibs | irritable bowel syndrome
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| ng | naso gastric
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| npo | nothing by mouth
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| sgot | serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase
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| sgpt | serum glutamic pyruvic transminase
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| tpn | total parenteral nutrition
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| ugi (s) | upper gastrointestinal (series)
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| cholangiography | xray of bile ducts
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| cholecystography | xray of gallbladder
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| colonocopy | exmination of colon using endoscope
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| esophagoscopy | exmination of esophagus with esophagoscope
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| gastroscopy | exmination of stomach using endscope
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| peritoneoscoy | examination of ab cavity using peritoneoscope
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| proctoscopy | exmination of rectum and anus using roctoscope
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| sigmoidoscopy | exination of sigmoid colon using sigmoidoscope
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| achalsia | inability of muscle particularly cardiac sphincter to relax
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| acholrhydria | lack of hydrochloric aid in stomach
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| anal fistula | small opeing in anal canal thru which waste matter can leak into ab cavity
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| ankyloglossia | condition of tongue being partially or completely attached to bottom of outh
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| anorexia nervosa | eating disorder with extreme weight loss
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| aphagia | inability to swallow
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| appendicitis | inflammation of appendix
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| ascites | fluid buildup in ab or peritoneal cavities
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| bulimia | eating disorder with bingeing and purging
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| cheilitis | inflammation of lips
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| cholecystitis | inflammation of gallbladder
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| cholangitis | inflammation of bile duct
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| cholelithiasis | gallstones in gall bladder
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| cirrhosis | liver disease; caused by alcholism
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| colic | gastrointestinal distress especially infants
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| colitis | inflammation of colon
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| constipation | difficult or infrequet defecation
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| crohn's disease | type of irritable bowel disease with no ulcers
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| diarrhea | loose watery stool
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| diverticula | small puchers in intestinal wall
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| diverticulitis | inflammation of diverticula
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| diverticulosis | condition which diverticula trap food or bacteria
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| duodenal ulcer | ulcer in duodenum
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| dysentery | irritation of intestinal tract with loose stools
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| dyspepsia | indigestion
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| enteritis | inflammation of si
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| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing
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| eructation | belching
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| esophagitis | inflammation of esophagus
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| fistula | abnormal opening in tissue
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| flatulence | gas in stomach or intestines
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| flatus | gas in lower intestinal tract that can be released thru anus
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| gastritis | inflammation of stomach
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| gallstones | calculi in gallbladder
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| gastroenteritis | inflammation of stomach and small intestines
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| glossitis | inflammation of tongue
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| gastritis | inflammation of stomach
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| halitosis | foul mouth odor
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| hematemeiss | blood in vomit
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| hematochezia | blood in stool
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| hemorrhoisd | swollen twisted veins in anus
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| hepatitis | inflammation or disease of liver
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| hepatomegaly | enlarged liver
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| hepatopathy | liver disease
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| hiatal hernia | protrusion of stomach thru opening in diaphragm
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| hyperbilirubinemia | excessive bilirubin in blood
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| icterus | jaundice
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| ileus | intestinal blockage
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| ileitis | inflammation of ileum
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| intussusception | prolapse or collapse of intestinal part into neighboring part. one section collapses into another like telescope
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| jaundice | excessive bilirubin in blood causing yellowing of skin
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| melena | old blood in stool
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| nausea | sick feeling in stomach
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| obesity | abnormal accumulation of fat in body
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| pancreatitis | inflammation of pancreas
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| parotitis protiditis | inflammation of parotid gland
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| peptic ulcer | sore on mucous membrane of digestive system stomach ulver or gastric ulcer
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| peritonitis | inflammation of peritoneum
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| poluposis | condition with polups as in intestines
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| proctitis | inflammation of rectum and anus
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| sialoadenitits | inflammation of salivary glands
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| steatorrhea | fat in blood
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| ulcerative colitis | inflammation of colon with uclers
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| volvulus | intestinal blockage caused by intestine twisting on itself
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| abdominocentesis | incision into ab to remove fluid or relieve pressure
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| anal fistulectomy | removal of anal fistula
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| anastomosis | union of two hoollow structures
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| appendectomy | removal of appendix
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| billroth's 1 | excision of pylorus
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| billroth's 2 | resection of pyloorus iwth stomach
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| cheiloplasty | repair of lips
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| cholecystectomy | removal of gall bladder
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| choledocholithotomy | removal of stomes from common bile duct
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| cholelithotomy | removal of gallstones
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| cholelithotripsy | breaking up r crushing of stones in body
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| colectomy | removal of colon
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| colostomy | creation of opening from colon into ab wall
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| diverticulectomy | removal of diverticula
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| esophagoplasty | repair of esophagus
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| gastrectomy | removal of part or all of stomach
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| gastric resection or gastric bypass | removal of part of stomach and repair of remianing part
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| glossectomy | removal of tongue
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| glossorrhaphy | suture of tongue
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| hemorrhoidectomy | removal of hemorrhoids
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| hepatic lobectomy | removal of one or more lobes of the liver
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| ileostomy | creation of opening into ileum
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| liver biopsy | removal of small amount of liver tissue to examine for disease
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| pancreatectomy | removal of pancreas
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| paracentesis | incision into ab cavity to remove fluid or relieve pressure
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| polupectomy | removal of polyps
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| proctoplasty | repair of anus or rectum
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| antiacid | neutralizes stomach acid
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| antidiarrheal | contros loose watery stool
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| antiemetic | prevents vomitin
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| antispasmodic | controls intestinal tract spasms
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| cathartic | induces vomiting also strong laxative for emptying bowels
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| laxative | induces bowels to move in order to relieve constipation
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