Geography Africa
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| strategic value | the value of a country's location for nations planning large-scale military action
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| ethnocracy | a form of government in which one ethic group rules over others
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| villagization | forcing rural people to move into towns and work on collective farms
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| harambee | a swahili word which means 'pulling together'
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| pyrethrum | a pesticide made by flowers, specifically a cash crop of kenya
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| malnutrition | disease caused by not having a healthy diet
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| coup | a sudden political takeover
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| ancestor worship | the idea that spirits of the dead will live on if the people still living continue to honor and respect them
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| animism | the belief that gods or spirits can be found in ordinary things such as the sky and trees
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| shifting agriculture | moving crops to new soil every couple of years
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| forage | food for grazing animals
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| deforestation | the stripping of land of its trees, especially prominent in the sahel
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| desertification | a land's loss of all vegetation, especially prominent in the sahel
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| refugee | a person fleeing home to live elsewhere and escape danger or unfair treatment
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| landlocked | a country that has no seaport
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| inland delta | an area of lakes, creeks, and swamps away from the ocean
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| world bank/international monetary fund | agencies of the united nations that gives loans to countries for development projects
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| structural adjustment program | a set of guidelines that is supposed to make a country's economy work better, has been put into effect in nigeria
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| watershed | a central ridge dividing two river basins
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| mercenaries | a person not from a country who fights for this country, fighting involving them existed in democratic republic of congo for years
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| barter | when people exchange goods instead of money
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| enclave | a country completely surrounded by another country, like lesotho
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| white flight | departure of trained white administrators and technicians
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| land redistribution | process where land is taken from those who have plenty and given to those who have little or none
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| apartheid | a system of laws instituted in south africa to keep black americans and whites apart
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| segregation | forced separation of racial groups
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| sanctions | actions that punish a country for behavior unacceptable to the international community of nations
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| colonialism (definition) | the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent region, 1870-1960 in africa
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| colonialism (role and way of achieving) | by force, sometimes trickery, sometimes by "agreement", racism played a role
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| colonialism (effects) | economic dependency, authoritarian, with lasting impact on economic, social, and political affairs, but led to resistance and ultimately independence
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| berlin conference | 1884-1885, european conference that divided africa into colonial territories, little regard for ethnic groups or culture, many rivers as borders
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| colonial benefits to africans | improved healthcare, new agriculture methods, development of resources, improvements in transportation, communication, and education
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| colonial detriments to africans | disruption of native culture, profits to europe (exploitation), no leadership training to africans which causes civil unrest
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| current happenings in sub-saharan africa | growth of cities, high child and maternal mortality rate, low life expectancy complicated by AIDS, not densely populated
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| AIDS impact on households | spending on education and food falling bc healthcare, over 14 million orphans, those with farms spend less time farming so make less money
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| AIDS impact on education | supply of teachers falling drastically, no secondary school age orphans in school still, only half in primary school
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| AIDS impact on the health sector | over 25 million have died
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| AIDS impact on the economy | companies reduction of production bc less workers, most productive members of society more likely to be diseased
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| nomadic herding | the practice of moving flocks to different pastures throughout the year
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| escarpment | a steep cliff that separates two level areas of different elevations
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| leaching | the dissolving and washing away of nutrients in the soil
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| chaparral | a type of natural vegetation that is adapted to mediterranean climates, small evergreen trees and low bushes or scrub
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| oral history | history passed down by word of mouth
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| savanna | a tropical grassland with scattered trees, located in the warm lands near the equator
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| plateau | an area of high, flat land
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| sahel | the region in africa just south of the sahara
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| land degradation | reduction in the productive potential of the land
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| population density | the average number of people living in a given area
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