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vascular system-vocab cont...

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Term
Definition
heart rate and force   in general, if heart rate and force increase, blood pressure increases; this is what happens during exercise.  
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peripheral resistance   the resistance of the blood vessels to the flow of blood; changes the diameter of arteries have effects on blood pressure.  
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elasticity of the large arteries   when the left ventricle contracts, the blood that enters the large arteries stretches the arteries' walls.  
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viscosity of the blood   normal blood viscosity depends upon the presence of red blood cells and plasma proteins, especially albumin.  
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viscosity of the blood (continue)...   a decreased number of red blood cells, as is seen with severe anemia, or decreased albumin, as may occur in liver or kidney disease, will decrease blood viscosity and blood pressure.  
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loss of blood   a small loss of blood, as when donating a pint of blood, will cause a temporary drop in blood pressure followed by rapid compensation in the form of a more rapid heart rate and greater vasoconstriction.  
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pulmonary circulation   begins at the right ventricle.  
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systemic circulation   begins at the left ventricle.  
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renin-angiotensin mechanism   a series of chemical reactions initiated by a decrease in blood pressure that stimulates the kidneys to secrete the enzyme renin; culminates in the formation of angiotensin 2.  
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angiotensin 2   the final product of the renin-angiotensin mechanism; stimulates vasoconstriction and increased secretion of aldosterone, both of which help raise blood pressure.  
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vasomotor center   consists of a vasoconstrictor area and a vasodilator area.  
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