Stack #154798
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| Matter | -Anything that takes up space and has mass-Diverse forms with own characteristics
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| Element | -substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions-92 natural elements-25 essential for life
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| Compound | substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio
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| Trace Elements | required by an organism in only minute quantities
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| Neutrons | -neutrally charged particles found in the nucleus
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| Protons | - positively charged particles found in the nucleus- give the nucleus it's postive charge
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| Electron | - negatively charged particle surrounding like a cloud moving at almost the speed of light
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| Dalton | - unit of measurement for atomic and subatomic particles - named after John Dalton who created the Atomic Theory
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| Atomic Number | the number of protons which is unique to every element
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| Mass Number | sum of the protons and neutrons
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| Atomic Weight | approximation of the total mass of an atom
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| Isotopes | elements with the same number of protons but varying numbers of neutrons
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| Radioactive Isotopes | - unstable,nucleus decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy- useful in the medical field
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| Energy | ability to do work
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| Potential Energy | the energy that matter stores because of it's position or location
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| Energy Levels or Electron shells | - different states of potential energyfor electrons in the atom- energy transfers through levels- farther from nucleus, more energy
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| Orbital | -three dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time-no more than 2 in same orbital
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| Valance Electrons | found in outermost shell
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| valance shell | outermost shell
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| Chemical Bonds | forces of attraction that hold atoms together
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| covalent bond | sharing of a pair of valance electrons by two atoms
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| molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
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| structural formula | notation which represents both atoms and bonding
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| molecular formula | abbreviated structural form
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| double covalent bond | sharing multiple bonds
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| valance | bonding capacity that equals the number of unpaired electrons in the atoms outermost shell
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| electronegativity | attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
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| non polar bond | electrons are shared equally
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| polar covalent bond | electron bond will not be shared equally
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| ion | a charged atom or particle or entire molecules that are electrically charged
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| cation | charge of ion is specifically positive
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| anion | negatively charged ion
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| ionic bond | attraction between cations and anions
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| hydrogen bond | a hydrogen atom covalently boned to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom
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| van der Waals interactions | weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that are brought about by localized charge fluctuations
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| Chemical Reactions | making and breaking of chemical bonds leading to changes in the composition of matter
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| reactants | starting material in a reaction
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| products | um...the product : )
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| chemical equilibrium | the point where the reactions offset one another exactly
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