infection control vocabulary
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| airborne transmission | transmission of microorganisms by evaporated droplets or dust particles moving through the air
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| bacteria(sing. bacterium) | single-celled, microscopic organisms. some are beneficial to humans, while others cause disease.
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| barriers | personal protective equipment, such as gloves, gowns, masks, and goggles, designed to prevent contact with the blood or body fluids of patients
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| carrier | a person who has a disease that can be passed on to others but who does not display signs or symptoms of the disease
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| causative agent | in the chain of infection, the pathogen that causes the infection or disease
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| chain of infection | the process by which an infectious disease is transmitted to and develops in a persons body.
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| clean | referring to an object or area not contaminated by pathogens, though not necessarily sterile.
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| communicable | refers to a disease that can be spread from one person to another, either directly or through an animal or object; infectious
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| contact transmission | transfer of microorganisms by contact with body surfaces or contaminated objects.
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| contaminated | not clean; dirtied by contact with living microorganisms.
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| cultural awareness | the ability to identify and include the patients cultural needs in the plan of care.
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| dirty | referring to an object or area that has been contaminated by pathogens.
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| disinfection | a cleaning process that destroys most microorganisms through the use of certain chemicals or boiling water.
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| droplet transmission | transmission of microorganisms through the air by sneezing, talking, or coughing.
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| exposure | unprotected contact with pathogens or material that may be contaminated, such as medical instruments or body fluids.
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| flora | microorganisms normally present in or on the human body.
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| fomite | any object that is contaminated with pathogens and can transmit disease.
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| fungi(sing. fungus) | microscopic, single- celled or multicelled plants that can cause disease.
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| infection | the invasion and growth of disease-causing microorganisms in the body
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| infectious | referring to a disease that can spread; communicable
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| isolation | specific procedures and precautions designed to prevent a patient from infecting others or being infected by others; may involve housing the patient in a separate room.
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| medical asepsis | practices and procedures to maintain a clean environment by removing or destroying disease-causing organisms; also called clean technique.
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| microorganisms | living things so small that they can only be seen with a microscope; also called microbes or, more commonly, germs.
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| mucus | sticky substance secreted by mucous membranes in the lunges, nose, and other parts of the body, which provides lubrication and helps to trap and kill microorganisms.
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| nosocomial infection | an infection acquired while in a health care facility.
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| pathogens | microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, that can cause disease.
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| portal of entry | in the chain of infection, the means by which the pathogen enters the host body.
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| portal of exit | in the chain of infection, the means by which the pathogen leaves the reservoir.
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| protozoa(sing. protozoan) | single-celled, microscopic animals, usually living in water, that can cause disease.
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| reservoir of the agent | in the chain of infection, the place where a pathogen (agent) can live and reproduce, such as in a person who has the disease, an animal or a formite.
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| route of transmission | in the chain of infection, the way a pathogen is transmitted from the reservoir to the new hosts body.
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| sharps | needles, scalpels, razor blades and any other sharp, potentially dangerous object used in a health care facility.
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| standard precautions | guidelines applying to the care of all patients, no matter what their known infection status is; every patient is treated as if he or she were potentially infectious.
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| staph(staphylococcus) | a type of bacteria that is a common cause of infection.
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| sterile | free from all microorganisms, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic.
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| sterilization | a cleaning process that kills all microorganisms, including spores.
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| strep(streptococcus) | a type of bacteria that is a common cause of chest and throat infections.
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| susceptible host | in the chain of infection, the host is the individual who acquires the pathogen; if the host is susceptible, or unable to resist the pathogen, the pathogen begins to reproduce and causes infection.
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| terminal cleaning | thorough cleaning of the patient unit after the patient is discharged.
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| transmission-based precautions | isolation precautions used when caring for patients having a known contagious disease cause by an identified pathogen.
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| virus | the smallest known living infectious agent.
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