MedTerm7
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| acetabular | pertaining to the hip socket
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| calcaneal | pertaining to the heel bone
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| carpal | pertaining to the wrist
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| cervical | pertaining to the neck
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| clavicular | pertaining to the collar bone
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| coccygeal | pertaining to the tail bone
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| costal cartilage | pertaining to the rib cartilage
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| cranial | pertaining to the skull
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| femoral | pertaining to the thigh bone
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| fibular | pertaining to the lower leg bone
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| fontanel | soft spots. fontanels allow the cranial bone to move together as the head goes through the birth canal and move apart as the brain grows during childhood.
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| frontal | pertaining to the front
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| humeral | pertaining to the upper arm bone
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| iliac | pertaining to the hip bone
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| intervertebral | pertaining to in between vertebra
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| ischial | pertaining to the hip bone
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| lacrimal | pertaining to tears
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| lumbar | pertaining to the lower back or area between the ribs and the pelvis
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| mandibular | pertaining to the lower jaw
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| mastoid | resembling the breast
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| maxillary | pertaining to the upper jaw
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| metacarpal | pertaining to after the wrist
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| metatarsal | pertaining to after the ankle
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| musuloskeletal | pertaining to the muscle skeleton
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| occipital | pertaining to the back of the head
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| olecranon | a large, square projection that form the point of the elbow
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| parietal | pertaining to the wall of the cavity
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| patellar | pertaining to the knee cap
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| pelvic | pertaining to the hip bone/renal pelvis
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| phanlangeal | pertaining to the fingers or toes
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| pubic | pertaining to the hip bone (pubis)
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| radial | pertaining to the radius (forearm bone)
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| sacral | pertaining to the sacrum
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| sagittal | pertaining to going from front to back
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| scapular | pertaining to the shoulder blade
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| sternal | pertaining to the breast bone
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| tarsal | pertaining to the ankle
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| temporal | pertaining to the temple (side of the head)
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| thoracic | pertaining to the chest
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| tibial | pertaining to the shin bone
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| ulnar | pertaining to the ulna (forearm bone)
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| vertebral | pertaining to the vertebra
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| xiphoid | resembling a sword
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| bone tumor | osteoma is a beign tumor of the bone. osteosarcoma is a maligant bone tumor in which osteoblasts, the cells that form new bone, multiply uncontrollably. it is also known as osteogenic sarcoma.
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| fracture | the result of break up
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| closed fracture | any fracture in which the bone does not break through the overlying skin
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| open fracture | any fracture in which the bone breaks through the overlying skin. also known as a compound fracture
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| non-displaced fracture | broken bone ends remain in ther anatomical alignment
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| displaced fracture | broken bone ends are pulled out of their normal anatomical alignment
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| colles' fracture | distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand
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| comminuted fracture | bone is crushed into several small pieces
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| depressed fracture | cranium is fractured inward toward the breain
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| greenstick fracture | bone is broken on only one side. this occurs in shildren because part of the none is still flexible cartilage
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| hairline fracture | very thin fracture line with the bone pieces still together. hard to detect except in an x-ray
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| oblique fracture | bone is broken on an oblique angle
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| spiral fracture | bone is broken in a sprial because of a twisting force
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| transverse fracture | bone is broken in a transverse plane perpendicular to its long axis
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| hemarthrosis | blood in the joint cavity from blunt trauma or a penetrating wound
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| kyphosis | abnormal, excessive, posterior curvature of the thoracic spine.
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| lordosis | abnormal, excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar spine
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| osteomalacia | abnormal softening of the bones due to a deficiency of vitamin D in the diet or inadequate exposure to the sun whose rays make vitamin D in the skin.
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| osteoporosis | abnormal thinning of the bone structure
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| osteomyelitis | infection in the bone and the bone marrow.
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| ankylosing spondylitis | chronic inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to fibrosis, fusion, and restriction of movement of the spine
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| dislocation | displacement of the end of a bone from its normal position within a joint
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| gout | metabolic disorder that occurs most often in men. there is a high level of uric acid in the blood.
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| Lyme disease | arthritis caused by a bacterium in the bite of an infected deer tick
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| osteoarthritis | chronic inflammatory disease of the joints, particularly the large weight-bearing joins and joints that move repeatedly.
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| rheumatoid arthritis | acute and chronic inflammatory disease of connective tissue, particularly of the joints
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| scoliosis | abnormal, excessive, c-shaped or s-shaped lateral curvature of the spine
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| sprain | over stretching or tearing of a ligament around a joint
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| torn meniscus | tear of the cartilage pad of the knee because of an injury
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| genu valgum | congenital deformity in which the knees are rotated toward the midline and are abnormally close together and the lower legs are bent laterally
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| genu varum | congenital deformity in which the knees are rotated laterally away from each other and the lower legs are bent toward the midline
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| hallux valgus | deformity in which the great toes angled laterally toward the other toes
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| talipes equinovarus | congenital deformity in which the foot is pulled downward and toward the midline
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| rheumatoid factor (RF) | blood test that is usually positive in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
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| uric acid | blood test that has an elevated level in patients with gout and gouty arthritis
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| bone density test | procedure that measures the bone mineral density to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occurred
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| DEXA scan | uses two x-ray beams with different energy levels to creat a two-dimensional image
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| QCT scan | uses an x-ray beam and a CT scan to create a three-dimensional image.
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| amputation | procedure to remove all or part of an extremity because of trauma, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes mellitus.
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| closed reduction | procedure in which manual manipulation of a displaced fracture is performed so that the bone ends go back into normal alignment without the need for surgery.
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| bone graft | procedure that uses whole bone or bone chips to repair fractures with extensive bone loss or defects due to bone cancer.
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| autograft | bone taken from the patient's own body
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| allograft | frozen or freeze-dried bone taken from a cadaver
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| arthroplasty | the process of reshaping by the joint
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| arthroscopy | procedure that uses an arthroscope inserted into the joint to visualize structures inside the joint
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| bunionectomy | procedure to remove the prominent part of the metatarsal bone that is causing a bunion
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| external fixation | procedure used to treat a complicated fracture
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| total hip replacement | a surgery done on the hips to replace a joint that has been destroyed by disease or osteoarthritis.
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| prosthesis | orthopedic device such as an artificial leg for a patient who has had an amputation of a limb
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| traction | procedure that uses weight to pulle the bone ends of a fracture into correct alignment.
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| aarthrocentesis | procedure to remove an accumulation of fluid from an injured joint by using a needle inserted intot he joint space.
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| arthrodesis | procedure to fuse the bones n a degenerated, unstable joint
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| ORIF | procedure to treat a complicated fracture
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| goniometry | procedure in which a goniometer is used to measure the angle of a joint and its ROM
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| orthrosis | orthopedic device such as a brace, splint, or collar that is used to immobilize a body part and keep it straight or correct an orthopedic problem
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| analgesic | pertaining to without the sensation of pain
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| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDS) | pertaining to not a steriod
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| corticosteriod | cortex (outer region) steriod
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| bone resorption inhibitor | inhibit osteoclasts from breaking down bone
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| gold compound | inhibit the immune response that attacks the joints and connective tissue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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| AKA | above the knee amputation
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| AP | anteroposterior
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| BKA | below the knee amputation
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| BMD | bone mineral density
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| CHD | congentital dislocation of the hip
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| ESWT | extracorporeal shock wave therapy
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| OA | osteoarthritis
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| C1-C7 | cervical vertebrae
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| Ca | calcium
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| Fx | fracture
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| L1-L5 | lumbar vertebrae
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| LLE | left lower extremity
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| LUE | left upper extremity
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| P | phosphorus
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| RF | rheumatoid factor
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| NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
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| Ortho | orthopedics
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| ORIF | open reduction and internal fixation
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| PT | physical therapy or physical therapist
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| RA | rheumatoid arthritis
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| RLE | right upper extremity
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| ROM | range of motion
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| RUE | right lower extremity
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| T1-T12 | thoracic vertebrae
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| THR | total hip replacement
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| tib-fib | tibia-fibula
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| DJD | degenerative joint disease
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