Bilogy grade 12 canada test 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What are the seven properties of life? | Order, reproduction, growth and development, energy ulilization, response to environment, homeostasis, and adaptation
🗑
|
||||
| Which van de waal force is the strongest? | Hydrogen bonds
🗑
|
||||
| London Forces | very weak bonds between neutral molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Dipole-dipole forces | partially positive and partially negative side attract
🗑
|
||||
| In terms of polarity, polar molecules are what, as opposed to nonpolar molecules which are what? | polar molecules are hydrophilic, nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic
🗑
|
||||
| water is both _______ and ________. | cohesive and adhesive
🗑
|
||||
| dynamic equilibrium | when forward and reverse reaction rates are equal
🗑
|
||||
| Acid | substance that increases hydrogen concentration. it is sour, and has a ph under 7
🗑
|
||||
| Base | substance that decreases hydrogen concentration. it is bitter, slippery and have a ph over 7
🗑
|
||||
| neutralization reaction | reaction of and acid and base to form water and a salt
🗑
|
||||
| equilibrium | state when opposing reactions occur at equal rates
🗑
|
||||
| Buffer | chemicals that bond to H+ or release H+ to help balance neutral pH to remain constant.
🗑
|
||||
| Buffers behave | like weak acids and bases
🗑
|
||||
| why do many proteins act as buffers? | amino acids in their structure may be acidic and other may be basic
🗑
|
||||
| Hydrocarbon | compounds that have a backbone of carbon
🗑
|
||||
| Alkanes | saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds, in whose backbone may be straight or circular
🗑
|
||||
| Alkenes | unsaturated hydrocarbons with double bonds, in whose location of bond is given in name
🗑
|
||||
| Alkynes | unsaturated hydrocarbons with triple bonds
🗑
|
||||
| Functional groups | reactive clusters of atoms attached to the carbon backbone
🗑
|
||||
| Bonding capacity | the number of covalent bonds an atom can form
🗑
|
||||
| macromolecule | large molecules composed of repeating subunits (monomers)
🗑
|
||||
| Condensation reaction | assembles macromolecules and is and anabolic reaction that absorbs energy
🗑
|
||||
| Anabolic reaction | produces large molecules from smaller subunits
🗑
|
||||
| Hydrolisis reaction | breaks apart macromolecules, is a catabolic reaction that releases energy
🗑
|
||||
| What do both condensation and hydrolysis reactions require? | enzymes to catalyze the reaction
🗑
|
||||
| name 3 examples of isomers that are carbs | Glucose, galactose, fructose
🗑
|
||||
| Isomers | contain the same number and types of atoms but have different arrangements, shapes and physical and chemical properties
🗑
|
||||
| Glycosidic linkage | covalent bond formed through a condensation reaction that holds monosaccharides together
🗑
|
||||
| give some characteristics of maltose | is an oligosaccharide made up two alpha-glucoses, that is held together by 1-4 glycosidic linkages
🗑
|
||||
| example of maltose | used in production of beer, found in grains
🗑
|
||||
| give some characteristics of sucrose | made of 1 alpha-glucose and 1 alpha-fructose, 1-2 linkage, and is table sugar
🗑
|
||||
| give some characteristics of lactose | made of 1 beta-glucose and 1 beta-galactose and is found in milk
🗑
|
||||
| what are the 2 main uses for polysaccharides? | energy storage (starch and glycogen) and structural support (cellulose and chitin)
🗑
|
||||
| Starch | produced by plants and stored in plastids. Made of amylose and and amylopectin
🗑
|
||||
| Glycogen | produced by animals and stored in liver and muscles
🗑
|
||||
| Cellulose | makes up cell walls, staight chain polymer, does not form helixes
🗑
|
||||
| Chitin | second most abundant material, used in exoskeleton of insects and in cell walls of fungi, N-group is attached to carbon 2
🗑
|
||||
| Lipid | liked by nonpolar bonds, hydrophobic, and used for energy storage, building membranes, signalling molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Triglyceride | 3 fatty acids attached to glycerol, not a polymer, non-polar and hydrophobic
🗑
|
||||
| Saturated Fat | fatty acids are straight chain, solid at room temperature, produced by animals
🗑
|
||||
| Unsaturated Fat | have double bonds, has a bend in fatty acid, liquid at room temperature, produced by plants
🗑
|
||||
| Hydrogenation | produces trans fats, H-atoms are added to double bnds in unsaturated fats making them semi-solid
🗑
|
||||
| Esterification | the forming of ester linkages by the condensation reaction between hydroxyl group of glycerol and carboxyl group of fatty acids
🗑
|
||||
| Amphipathic | having hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
🗑
|
||||
| Phospholipid | glycerol molecule attached to two fatty acid chains and a phosphate
🗑
|
||||
| Phopholipids produce spheres called ________ or produce _________ (ex. membrane)when in water | micelles , bilayers
🗑
|
||||
| Sterols (steroids) | compact hydrophic molecules containing 4 fused hydrocarbon rings and several functional groups
🗑
|
||||
| Which lipids lack a fatty acid component | steroids
🗑
|
||||
| Cholesterol | present in cell membrane to maintain fluidity and rigidity- can be good or bad- precurson to all steroid hormones
🗑
|
||||
| Waxes | long chain fatty acid link to alcohols or carbon rings, firm, pliable consistency, used as coatings by plants
🗑
|
||||
| name the 7 uses of proteins | support, transport, communication, receptors, movement, defence, reactions
🗑
|
||||
| What is the shape of the proteins determined by? | the sequence of animno acids
🗑
|
||||
| peptide bonds | the bonds that hold together proteins
🗑
|
||||
| What is protein denaturation? | change in 3D shape due to temp, pH, etc... breaking the bonds and proteins loses its ability to function
🗑
|
||||
| What must larger proteins have in order to return to original state after being denatured | "chaperone proteins"
🗑
|
||||
| Decomposition | breaking peptide bonds from intense denaturation-irreversible
🗑
|
||||
| What is DNA | Deoxyribosenucleic acid and is double stranded
🗑
|
||||
| What is a nucleotide? | monomer subunit used to build DNA and RNA
🗑
|
||||
| all nucleotides compose of | 1) phosphate group 2) pentose sugar 3) nitrogenous base
🗑
|
||||
| the ________ reaction forms a _______ bond and causes molecules to coil during the process of making DNA | condensation, phosphodiester
🗑
|
||||
| the strands of DNA are considered what? | antiparralel
🗑
|
||||
| what are the two families nitrogenous bases can be split into? | purines (double ringed) and pyrimidines (single ringed)
🗑
|
||||
| how can we control metabolic pathways using enzymes? | by restricting production and location of enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| Feedback inhibitor | product of reaction acts as inhibitor, preventing cell from wasting chemical resources to make more products than needed
🗑
|
||||
| Allosteric site | receptor site remote from active sit
🗑
|
||||
| Competitive inhibitor | fits into active site and blocks substrate
🗑
|
||||
| noncompetitive inhibitor | binds to enzyme and causes a change that alters active site
🗑
|
||||
| Cofactors | non protein enzyme helper that may bind to active sites or substrates
🗑
|
||||
| induced fit model | after a substrate binds to active site, enzyme changes shape to better fit substrate
🗑
|
||||
| how do enzymes lower activation energy? | by binding substrates in correct orientation and applying stress to bonds, reducing thermal energy - allowing reactants to more easily become products
🗑
|
||||
| active site | where a substrate binds to enzyme
🗑
|
||||
| Name three types of cellular work | mechanical, transport, and chemical
🗑
|
||||
| what is ATP used for? | for temporary storage, and acts like a rechargeable battery
🗑
|
||||
| what is phosphoylation? | the free energy that is coupled with endergonic reactions that attached Pi to another molecules
🗑
|
||||
| What are redox reactions? | chemical reactions involved the transfer of electrons from one atom to another
🗑
|
||||
| Oxidation | loss of electrons
🗑
|
||||
| oxidizing agent | substances that takes electrons
🗑
|
||||
| Reduction | gain of electrons
🗑
|
||||
| Reducing agent | substance that give electron
🗑
|
||||
| living systems are kept at ______ (products not allows to accumulate) | disequilibrium
🗑
|
||||
| Energy coupling | transfer of energy produced in one reaction to another
🗑
|
||||
| Endergonic reaction | process that requires free energy to occur, anabolic, not spontaneous
🗑
|
||||
| Exergonic reaction | process with a net release of free energy- catabolic, spontaneous
🗑
|
||||
| Entropy | the measure of amount of disorder (universe favours its increase)
🗑
|
||||
| Enthalpy | thermal energy or total heat in a system
🗑
|
||||
| Exothermic | less energy is required to break bonds of reactants than is released
🗑
|
||||
| Endothermic | energy required to break bonds of reactants is greater that is released
🗑
|
||||
| Transition state | temporary condition where reactantbonds are breaking and product is forming
🗑
|
||||
| Activation energy | energy required to break the bonds of reactants
🗑
|
||||
| Bond energy | measure of stability of bond-energy required to break 1 mol of bond and energy when 1 mol is formed
🗑
|
||||
| Metabolism | sum of all processes (anabolic and catabolic)
🗑
|
||||
| What is the first law of thermodynamics? | energy can be transferred or transformed, cannot be creator destroed
🗑
|
||||
| Energy in the universe is _______--- | constant
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
disturbedangel
Popular Biology sets