AP Bio Chapter 50
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| Ecology | The study of how organisms interact with their environment.
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| Abiotic Components | Nonliving chemical and physical factors
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| Biotic Components | Living factors
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| Organismal Ecology | The behavioral, physiological, and morphological ways in which individual organisms meet the challenges posed by their abioticenvironment
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| Population | A group of individuals of the same species living in a particular geographic area
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| Community | All organisms that inhabit a particular area
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| Ecosystem | All abiotic factors in addition to the community of species that exists in a certain area
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| biosphere | The global ecosystem
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| Environment | Biotic and abiotic factors
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| Interactions | How organisms are affected by their environment or how they sometimes change their environment
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| Ecological time/ Evolutionary time | Ecological events over a set scale of time
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| Major Abiotic Factors | Temperature, Water, Sunlight, Wind, Rocks and Soil, and Periodic Disturbances
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| Climate and the Distribution of Organisms | The climate affects the distribution of organisms due to prevailing weather conditions
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| Climate | The prevailing weather conditions of a locality
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| Biome | The major types of ecosystems
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| Correlation vs. Causation | Relationship of data rather than cause and effect
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| Turnover | Mixing of lake water levels due to changing seasons
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| Photic Zone | Where there is sufficient light for photosynthesis
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| Aphotic Zone | Where little light penetrates
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| Thermocline | A narrow stratum of rapid temperature change
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| Benthic Zone | The bottom of all aquatic biomes
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| Benthos | Organisms inhabiting the benthic zone
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| Detritus | Dead organic matter eaten by benthos
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| Littoral Zone | Shallow, well-lit waters close to shore
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| Limnetic Zone | Well-lit, open waters farther from shore
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| Profundal Zone | Below the Limnetic Zone and above the Benthic Zone
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| Oligotrophic | Deep, nutrient-poor lakes
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| Eutrophic | Shallow lakes high in nutirents
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| Mesotrohic | In between Eutrophic and Oliogotrophic
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| Wetland | An area covered with water that supports aquatic plants
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| Estuary | Where a freshwater stream or river merges with the ocean
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| Intertidal Zone | Where land meets water
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| Nertic Zone | Beyond the Intertidal Zone, over the continental shelf
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| Oceanic Zone | Area past the continental shelf
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| Pelagic Zone | Open water of any depth
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| Benthic Zone | Sea floor
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| Coral Reefs | Area dominated by structures of coral
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| Oceanic Pelagic Biome | Ocean water far from shore, made up of constantly mixed ocean currents
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| Abyssal Zone | Deep benthic area with constantly cold (3* Celsius)
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| Canopy | Top forest layer
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| Permafrost | Permanently frozen ground stratum
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| Regulators | Organisms that use physical characteristics to achieve homeostasis in the face of environmental fluctuations
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| Conformers | Organisms that allow their elements of their bodies to vary due to external changes
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| Principle of Allocation | Each organism has a certain amount of energy that be allocated for obtaining nutrients, escaping predators, coping with environmental fluctuations, growth, and reproduction
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| Acclimation | Substantial but reversible changes in an organism to adapt to an environmental change
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