PFT_Terms_Chapter05
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| acute viral infection | an infection that quickly resolves with no latent infection
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| antiretroviral | a drug that limits the progression of HIV or other retrovirus infections
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| antiviral | an agent that prevents virus replication in a host cell without interfering with the host's normal function
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| boost | one drug given to increase the serum concentration of another drug
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| capsid | a protein shell that surrounds and protects the nucleic acid within a virus particle
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| chemokine coreceptor | a drug that prevents a strain of HIV from attaching to an immune system cell
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| cholesterol | a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and is a key constituent of cell membranes
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| chronic viral infection | an infection that has a protracted course with long periods of remission interspersed with recurrence
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| envelope | membrane surrounding the capsid in some viruses and carrying surface proteins that attach to cell surface receptors
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| ergosterol | a form of lipid found in the cell membrane of fungi where higher animals have cholesterol
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| eukaryotic | having a defined nucleus, such as an animal or fungal cell
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| flu | influenza, a common viral infection
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| fungus | a single-cell eukaryotic organism (similar to a human cell rather than to bacteria); marked by a rigid cell wall, the absence of chlorophyll, and reproduction by spores
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| fusion inhibitor | a drug that prevents HIV from entering the immune cells
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| generalized viral infection | an infection that has spread to other tissues by way of the bloodstream or the central nervous system
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| hepatitis | viral inflammation of the liver
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| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | a retrovirus transmitted in body fluids that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) by attacking T lymphocytes
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| immunocompromised | having a deficiency in the immune response system
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| immunoglobulin | an antibody that reacts to a specific foreign substance or organism and may prevent its antigen from attaching to a cell receptor or may destroy the organism
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| interferon | a substance that exerts virus-nonspecific but host-specific antiviral activity by inducing genes coding for antiviral proteins that inhibit the synthesis of viral RNA
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| integrase inhibitor | a drug that prevents DNA produced by the reverse transcriptase of HIV from becoming incorporated into the patient's DNA
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| latency | the ability of a virus to lie dormant and then, under certain conditions, reproduce and again behave like an infective agent, causing cell damage
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| local viral infection | a viral infection affecting tissues of a single system such as the respiratory tract, eye, or skin
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| naked virus | a virus without an envelope covering the capsid
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| non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) | a drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by preventing the enzyme from working mechanically
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| nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) | a drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by competing with natural nucleic acid building block substrates, causing termination of the DNA chain
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| nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI) | a drug that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by competing with natural nucleic acid building block substrates, causing termination of chain formation, and is more nearly in the form used by the body than an NRTI
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| permeability | the ability of a material to allow molecules or ions to pass through it
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| post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) | the administration of antiretrovirals after exposure to HIV
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| prodrug | a compound that, on administration and chemical conversion by metabolic processes, becomes an active pharmacological agent
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| prokaryotic | not having a defined nucleus, like bacteria
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| protease inhibitor (PI) | a drug that prevents the cleavage of certain HIV protein precursors needed for the replication of new infectious virions
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| pulse dosing | a regimen of dosing one week per month; commonly used for treating fungal nail infections
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| retrovirus | a virus that can copy its RNA genetic information into the host's DNA
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| reverse transcriptase | a retroviral enzyme that makes a DNA copy from an RNA original
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| slow viral infection | an infection that maintains a progressive course over months or years with cumulative damage to body tissues, ultimately ending in the host's death
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| troche | a small lozenge
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| vaccination | the introduction of a vaccine, a component of an infectious agent, into the body to produce immunity to the actual agent
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| virion | an individual viral particle capable of infecting a living cell; consists of nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid (protein shell)
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| virus | a minute infectious agent that does not have all the components of a cell and thus can replicate only within a living host cell
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