PFT_Terms_Chapter14
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| AB rated | of a generic drug, rated as bioequivalent to the branded drug by the FDA as shown by an experimental study
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| Addison disease | a life-threatening deficiency of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids that is treated with the daily administration of corticosteroid
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| alopecia | hair loss
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| anabolic treatment | muscle building
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| androgen | hormone that promotes development and maintenance of male characteristics
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| blastocyst | the stage in development at which a fertilized egg has divided into 70-100 cells and is ready to implant, consisting of the inner embryoblast and an outer layer that will become the placenta
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| chancre | small, usually painless, highly infectious ulcer; the primary lesion of syphilis
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| circadian | regularly recurring on a cycles of 24 hours
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| climacteric | the syndrome of endocrine, somatic, and psychic changes occurring at the end of the reproductive period in females
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| corticosteroid | steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex
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| Cushing disease | a disease caused by overproduction of steroids or by excessive administration of corticosteroids over an extended period
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| Dispense As Written (DAW) | instruction in a prescription to prevent substitution of generic drugs for the branded drug
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| dyspareunia | a condition of the female in which normal intercourse is painful
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| endocrine system | glands and other structures that elaborate internal secretions, called hormones, that are released directly into the circulatory system
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| endometrium | the lining of the uterus, which grows in the early part of the menstrual cycle to be ready to receive a fertilized egg and breaks down at the end of the cycle, leading to menstruation
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| estrogen | one of the group of hormones that stimulate the growth of reproductive tissue in females
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| feedback mechanism | the return of some of the output of a system as input so as to exert some control on the process
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| gestational diabetes | diabetes that occurs during pregnancy when insufficient insulin is produced
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| glucocorticoid | corticosteroid involved in metabolism and immune system regulation
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| gluconeogenesis | the process of forming new glucose, in which protein and fatty acids are converted into immediate energy sources
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| growth hormone (GH) | a fundamental hormone that affects metabolism, skeletal growth, and somatic growth; deficiency causes growth retardation
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| growth hormone releasing factor (GHRF) | a neuropeptide secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary
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| gynecomastia | excessive development of the male mammary glands, with or without tenderness
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| HbA1C glycosylated hemoglobin | an "average" of the sugar measured in blood glucose over a period of time
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| hirsutism | abnormal hairiness, especially in women
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| hormone therapy (HT) | replacement of deficient hormones such as estrogen
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| hyperglycemia | elevated blood sugar level
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| hyperthyroidism | a condition caused by excessive thyroid hormone and marked by increased metabolic rate; also called thyrotoxicosis
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| hypoglycemia | low blood glucose level (less than 70 mg/dL)
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| hypogonadism | a deficiency of hormone production and secretion
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| hypothyroidism | a deficiency of thyroid activity that results in a decreased metabolic rate, tiredness, and lethargy in adults and causes cretinism in children
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| impotence | failure of the male to initiate or to maintain an erection until ejaculation
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| mineralocorticoid | corticosteroid involved in electrolyte and water balance
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| oral contraceptive (OCs) | a combination of one or more hormonal compounds taken orally to prevent the occurrence of pregnancy
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| osteoblast | a cell that forms bone
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| osteoclast | a cell that resorbs bone
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| osteoporosis | the condition of reduced bone mineral density, disrupted microarchitecture of bone structure, and increased likelihood of fracture
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| oxytocic agent | a drug that promotes contraction of uterine muscle at term of pregnancy
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| priapism | frequent or prolonged, painful penile erections
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| progestin | a synthetic hormone that emulates the effects of progesterone
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| progesterone | the hormone that prepares the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum
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| secondary diabetes | diabetes caused by drugs
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| target | a cell, tissue, or organ that is affected by a particular hormone
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| testosterone | a hormone that is responsible for sperm production, sexual potency, and the maintenance of muscle mass and strength, among other functions
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| thyroid gland | a gland that produces hormones that stimulate various body tissues to increase their activity level
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| thyroid storm | a life-threatening medical emergency with the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis, but more exaggerated
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| tocolytic agent | a drug that slows labor in pregnancy, used to treat premature labor
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| type I diabetes | insulin-dependent diabetes, in which the pancreas has no ability to produce insulin
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| type II diabetes | a type of diabetes characterized by insulin insufficiency or by the resistance of the target tissues to the insulin produced
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| vasomotor | affecting constriction and dilation of blood vessels
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| virilization | the development of male characteristics
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