PFT_Terms_Chapter9
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| antihistamines | common term for drugs that block the H1 receptors
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| antitussives | drugs that block or suppress the act of coughing
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| aspiration | inhalation of fluids from the mouth and throat
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| asthma | a reversible lung disease with intermittent attacks in which inspiration is obstructed; provoked by airborne allergens
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| bronchitis | a condition in which the inner lining of the bronchial airways becomes inflamed, causing the expiration of air from the lungs to be obstructed
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| bronchodilator | an agent that relaxes smooth-muscle cells of the bronchioles, thereby increasing airway diameter and improving the movement of gases into and out of the lungs
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| bronchospasm | spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscles of the bronchiole
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| corticosteroid | a drug that chemically resembles substances produced by the adrenal gland and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent to suppress the immune response by stimulating adenylate cyclase
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| cotinine | a major metabolite of nicotine
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| cough reflex | a coordinated series of events, initiated by stimulation of receptors in the lungs and airways, that results in a cough
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| cystic fibrosis (CF) | a hereditary disorder of infants, children, and young adults that involves widespread dysfunction of the gastrointestinal and pulmonary systems
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| decongestant | an agent that causes the mucous membranes to shrink, thereby allowing the sinus cavities to drain
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| emphysema | an irreversible lung disease characterized by destruction of the alveoli in the lungs, which allows air to accumulate in tissues and organs
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| expectorant | an agent that decreases the thickness and stickiness of mucus, enabling the patient to rid the lungs and airway of mucus when coughing
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| histoplasmosis | a respiratory tract infection caused by a fungus, most often found in accumulated droppings from birds and bats; often called the summer flu
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| irritant receptor | a nerve cell in the lungs and airways that responds to coarse particles and chemicals to trigger a cough
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| leukotriene inhibitor | an agent that blocks the body's inflammatory responses to the leukotrienes or blocks their synthesis
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| mast cell stabilizer | an agent that stabilizes mast cell membranes against rupture caused by antigenic substances and thereby reduces the amount of histamine and other inflammatory substances released in airway tissues
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| metered dose inhaler (MDI) | a device that delivers a specific amount of medication (as for asthma) in a fine enough spray to reach the innermost parts of the lungs using a puff of compressed gas
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| monoclonal antibody | an antibody produced in a laboratory from an isolated specific lymphocyte that produces a pure antibody against a known, specific antigen
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| mucolytic | an agent that destroys or dissolves mucus
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| nebulizer | a device used in the administration of inhaled medications, using air flowing past a liquid to create a mist
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| nicotine | the addictive component of tobacco
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| peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) | the maximum flow rate generated during a forced expiration, measured in liters per minute
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| peak flow meter | a device used to measure the PEFR as an indication of respiratory status; usually used twice a day by asthma patients
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| percussion | a therapy used for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients involving a tapping movement to induce cough and expectoration of sputum from the lungs; usually preceded by nebulizer therapy during which nebulized sterile water or normal saline is breathed to liquefy pu
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| pneumonia | a common lung infection, caused by microorganisms that gain access to the lower respiratory tract
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| respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) | a syndrome occurring in newborns that is characterized by acute asphyxia with hypoxia and acidosis
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| rhinitis medicamentosa | a condition of decreased response that results when nasal decongestants are used over prolonged periods
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| spacer | a device used with a metered dose inhaler (MDI) to decrease the amount of spray deposited on the back of the throat and swallowed
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| status asthmaticus | a medical emergency that begins as an asthma attack but does not respond to normal management; can result in loss of consciousness and death
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| stretch receptor | a nerve cell in the lungs and airways that responds to elongation of muscle to trigger a cough
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| surfactant | a fluid that reduces surface tension between the air in the alveoli and the inner surfaces of the alveoli, allowing gas to be exchanged between the lung and the air
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| tachypnea | very rapid respiration causing a flushed appearance; a characteristic ofemphysema
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| tuberculosis (TB) | a disease of the lungs and other body tissues and organs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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| xanthine derivative | a drug that causes relaxation of airway smooth muscle, thus causing airway dilation and better air movement
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