Test
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| Define the Law of Conservation of Energy | Energy is neither created nor destroyed in a system
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| Define Matter | Matter is anything that has mass and volume
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| Dyes and ink mixtures can be separated by what procedure? | Chromatography
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| Definition of a calorie | The amount of energy needed to raise 1g. of water 1 degree Celsius
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| Define Absolute Zero | The point at which all molecular motion stops
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| Flammability corresponds to what type of property? | Chemical (burning something changes identity of a substance... so it is a chemical change)
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| What makes elements and compounds pure? | Elements and compounds have unique sets of characteristics and properties (chemical and physical)
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| This kind of property changes an item: | Chemical
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| How is filtration different from distillation? | Filtration: between a solid and liquid to separate, generally for a heterogenous mixturedistillation: uses boiling points between two liquids, generally to separate homogenous mixtures
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| What is the conversion formular to go from Kelvin to Celsius? | K = C + 273(C = K - 273)... Kalvin doesn't have negative
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| What is the SI unit for energy? | Joule
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| 2 or more elemets of a fixed proportion are known as what? | compounds
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| the characteristic that doesn't alter the identity of a substance is... | Physical characteristic (/change)
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| What are the three basic forms of energy? | potential, kinetic and radiant
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| Sea water is a mixture of what type? | Homogenous
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| What ist eh elemenet of the symbol Es? | Einsteinium
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| 0 on the Kelvin scale is corerspondant to what degree Celsius? | -273 C
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| What form of matter holds its shape? | solid
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| What is a substance that can't be broken down any further? | Element
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| One degree change in Kelvin = to what degree change in Celsius? | 1 degree
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| Define heterogeneous mixture: | Heterogeneous: mixture of two substances with visibly different parts
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| What is energy? | The capacity to do work and produce heat
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| A blend of two or more pure substances is what? | mixture
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| the SI unit for temp. is what? | Kelvin
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| 1 cal = ? Joule(s) | 1 cal = 4.184 Joules
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| 1 Cal - ? cal (s) | 1 Cal = 1000 cal
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| Potenital Energy? | stored energy
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| three types of potential energy? | 1.) gravitational (rock on a hill)2.) electrical 3.) chemical (food, gas in a car tank)
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| Radiant Energy? | Energy of sunlight
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| Kinetic Energy? | Energy of motion
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| three ways matter and energy are related: | 1.) use energy to move matter.2.) convert matter into energy (food to energy)3.) Use temp. scales to measure energy changes in matter3.) use
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| Energy can come in: | heat, light and sound
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| Work | Capacity to move object (versus force)
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| what calorie is measured on food lables? | KCal of Cal (not calorie)
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| Temperature | Kinetic energy of matter
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| Who invented first thermometer? | Galielio
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| Conversion from Farenheit to Celsius | C = (F-32)5/9
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| 20 Celius = ? Farheinheit? | 20 = (F-32)5/9 1.) divide by 5/9 --> 36 = F-32.2.) add 32 to both sides --> answer: 68 Farhenheit
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| absolute zero? | point at which motion of particles ceases
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| absolute zero of Celius | -273 C
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| absolute zero of Kelvins? | 0 K
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| Absolute zero of Farheinheit? | -32 F
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| Matter | amount of material in an object
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| Volume | amount of space object occupies
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| characteristics of matter | solid, liquid, gas and plasma
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| solid | holds shape and has definite volume; high density, pressure has little effect on it
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| liquid | doesn't hold shape but definite volume; high density, pressure has little effect on it
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| gas | no definite shape or volume; density deponds on pressure, low density
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| plasma | high temp, atoms ionized
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| physical properties of matter | characteristic of a substance that can be measured/observed without changing identity (tearing, ripping, boiling)
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| chemical properties of matter | can't be observed without changing its identity (burning, rust, cooking)
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| elements | substances that can't be separated into simpler substances by a chemical reaction
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| compounds | two or more elements combined during a chemical reaction in a fixed proportion (e.g.: H20)
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| pure substances | (can be elements or compounds) a substance that has a unique set of chemical and physical properties
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| heterogenous | visibily different parts (choc. chip cookie)
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| how can a heterogenous mixture be separated? | filtration
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| homogenous | non-visbile different parts (air, sewater)
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| how can homogenous mixtures be separated? | crystallization, chromatography, distillation
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| distillation | separates liquids due to different boiling points
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| crystallization | e.g. seawater to evaporate partially to form salt crystals, gemstones formed years ago from cooling planet
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| chromatography | separation by allowing substances to flow along a stationary substances (e.g: ink pigments on a piece of paper separating)
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| changes in matter = | changes in energy
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| ______ is the capacity to do work or to produce heat | energy
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| sunlight is an example of _______ energy | radiant
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| the gasoline in a car is an example of __________ energy | chemical potential
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| the SI unite of energy is the _______ | joule
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| the three main fossil fuels that supply 90% of our energy requirements are ? | coal, petroleum and natural gas
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| what transformation is burning gas to drive a car? | chemical to thermal to mechanical
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| what transformation is friction? | mechanical to heat
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| what transformation is photosynthesis? | light to chemical
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| what transformation is an electric mixer? | electrical to mechanical
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| what transformation is a steam turbine to make electricity? | thermal to mechanical to electrical
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| what transformation is a flashlight? | chemical to electrical to light
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| 15 Celsius = ? Kelvin | 288 Kelvin
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| 380 Kelvin = ? Celsius | 107 Celsius
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| Farhenheight to celsius | F = 9/5Celsius + 32
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| 20 kcal added to 100g water at 50 degrees celsius... what would be the new temp of the water? (in celsius) | 20 kcal = (2000 cal/100g) = 200 cal + 50 Celsius = 250 degrees celsius
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| water boiling = what kind of change | physical
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| iron rusting = what kind of change | chemical
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| butter melting = what kind of change | physical
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| alcohol evaporating = what kind of change | physical
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| wood rotting = what kind of change | chemical
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| leaves changing color = what kind of change | chemical
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| glass breaking = what kind of change | physical
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| mowing the lawn = what kind of change | physical
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| magnetizing a nail = what kind of change | physical
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| baking a cake = what kind of change | chemical
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| _____ cannot be separated by physical or chemical means | elements
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| elements are abbreviated with _____, which consist of one or two _______. | symbols, letter
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| elements are organized on the _________ | periodic table
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| carbon is an example of a carbon and ______ is an example of a compound | carbon dioxide
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| elements and compounds are called ______ substances because they have a unique set of chemical and phsyical _________. | pure, properties
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| carbon is a what | element
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| water is what | compound
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| aluminium foil is what | element
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| plastic is what | compound
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| tin is what | element
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| silicone dioxide is what | compound
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| carbon dioxide is what | compound
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| helium is what | element
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| arsenic is what | element
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| sodium chloride is what | compound
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| alphabet soup = what kind of mixture? | heterogenous
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| salt = what kind of mixture? | pure
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| vegetable oil = what kind of mixture? | pure
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| air = what kind of mixture? | homogenous
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| seawater = what kind of mixture? | homogenous
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| granite = what kind of mixture? | heterogenous
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| steel = what kind of mixture? | homogenous
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| sugar = what kind of mixture? | sugar
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| heterogenous mixtures are often separated by _____ | filtration
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| separating sand from water can be done by ____ | filtration
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| sugar in sugar water can be separated by ___ | crystallization
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| the separation technique that takes advantage of different boiling points is called_________ | distillation
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| removing chlorophyll pigment from leaves might be done by __________ | chromatography
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| the best way to decompose water into oxygen and hydrogen is by ____________ | electrolysis
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| crude oil is broken down by heat, vaporized and allowed to condense into various liquids such as gasolie. this process is called _____ | distillation
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| why is every solution a micture, but not ever mixture a solution? | a solition is homogenous, meaning every solution is a micture, but becasue there is also heterogenous mixtures, not all mictures are solutions
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| examples of mixtures that appear homogenous but actually are heterogenous | salad dressing : shaken = homo, let sit = hetero
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| what is a centrifuge? | a tool to separate mixtures using gravity
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