chapter10
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| anteroom | the area of the sterile compounding lab that is used for hand washing and garbing, staging of components, order entry, CSP labeling, and other high-particulate-generating activities
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| asepsis | the absence of pathogenic microorganisms
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| attenuated virus | a weakened virus contained in some vaccines as opposed to a live or inactive virus
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| autoclave | a device that generates heat and pressure to sterilize objects
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| bacterium | a small, single-celled microorganism that can exist in three main forms, depending on type: spherical (i.e., cocci), rod-shaped (i.e., bacilli), and spiral (i.e., spirochetes)
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| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | a governmental agency that provides guidelines and recommendations on health care, including infection control
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| clean room | an area that includes the staging areas and the LAFWs; also called the IV room or buffer area
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| compounded sterile preparation (CSP) | a sterile product that is prepared outside the pharmaceutical manufacturer's facility, typically in a hospital or compounding pharmacy
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| direct compounding area (DCA) | the sterile, compounding area of the LAFW, in which the concentration of airborne particles is controlled with a HEPA filter providing ISO Class 5 air quality
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| disinfectant | a chemical applied to an object or topically to the body for sterilization purposes, such as rubbing alcohol
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| epidemic | the occurrence of more cases of disease (such as the flu) than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular period
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| expiration date | the date after which a manufacturer's product should not be used
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| fungus | a single-celled organism similar to human cells that is marked by a rigid cell wall, reproduction by spores, and the absence of chlorophyll; feeds on living organisms (or on dead organic material)
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| germ theory of disease | the idea that microorganisms cause diseases
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| hand hygiene | the use of special dry, alcohol-based rinses, gels, or foams that do not require water
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| hand washing | the use of plain or antiseptic soap and water with appropriate time and technique
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| healthcare-associated infection (HAI) | an infection that a patient acquires as a result of treatment in a healthcare facility; also called a nosocomial infection
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| high-efficiency particulate airflow (HEPA) filter | a device used with LAFWs to filter out most particulate matter and to establish an aseptic environment in which to prepare parenteral products
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| horizontal laminar airflow workbench (LAFW) | a type of hood that is used to prepare IV drug admixtures, nutrition solutions, and other parenteral products aseptically
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| infection control committee (ICC) | a hospital committee that provides leadership in relation to infection control policies
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| International Organization for Standardization (ISO) | a classification system to measure the amount of particulate matter in room air; the lower the ISO number, the less particulate matter is present in the air
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| microbiology | the study of microorganisms
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| microorganism | a living microscopic organism or microbe such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, or virus
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| pandemic | an epidemic that occurs across several countries and affects a sizable portion of the population in each country
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| pasteurization | a sterilization process designed to kill most bacteria and mold in milk and other liquids
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| phlebitis | an inflammation of the veins often caused by microparticulate contamination
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| protozoan | a single-celled organism that inhabits water and soil
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| sharp | a used needle, which can be a source of infection
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| spontaneous generation | an erroneous belief in the seventeenth century that some forms of life could arise spontaneously from matter; for example, that maggots could arise from decaying flesh
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| stability | the chemical and physical characteristics of the CSP, such as pH, degradation, formation of precipitates (or salts), or unexpected color changes
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| sterility | the absence of all microorganisms
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| sterilization | a process that destroys the microorganisms on a substance
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| universal precautions | procedures followed in healthcare settings to prevent infection as a result of exposure to blood or other bodily fluids
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| USP Chapter 797 | guidelines on the sterility and stability of CSPs developed by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) that have become standards for hospital accreditation
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| vertical laminar airflow workbench (LAFW) | a type of hood that offers additional protection for both the sterile compounding technician and the environment when aseptically compounding toxic chemicals; examples include a biological safety cabinet and a compounding aseptic containment isolator
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| virus | a minute infectious agent that does not have all of the components of a cell and thus can replicate only within a living host cell
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