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skin lesions

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Term
Definition
macule   flat, circumscribed area that is a change in color of skin; less than 1 cm (freckle)  
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papule   elevated, firm, circumscribed area less than 1 cm (wart, moles)  
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patch   flat, nonpalpable, irregular-shaped macule more than 1 cm (vitiligo)  
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plaque   elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface more than 1 cm (psorasis)  
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wheal   elevated irrefular-shaped area of cutaneous edem; solid, transient, variable size (insect bite, allergic reaction)  
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tumor   elevated, solid lesion; may be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermiss; more than 2 cm  
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nodule   elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis that papule; 1-2 cm (erythema nodosum)  
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vesicle   elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis; filled with serous fluid; less than 1 cm (varicella)  
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bulla   vesicle more than 1 cm (blister)  
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pustule   elevated, superficial lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid (acne)  
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cyst   elevated, circumscribed encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semisolid material  
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telangiectasia   fine, irregular red lines produced by capillary dilation; can be associated with acne rosacea, venous hypertension, or developmental abnormalities  
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scale   heaped-up keratinized cells; flaky skin; irregular; thick or thin; dry or oily; variation in size  
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lichenification   rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, pruritus, or skin irritation; often involves flexor surface of extremity (chronic dermatitis)  
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keloid   irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond the boundaries of wound; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing  
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scar   think to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to dermis (surgical incision)  
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exoriation   loss of epidermis; linear, hollowed-out crusted area (abrasion, scabies)  
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fissure   linear crack or break from epidermis to dermis; may be moist or dry (athlete's foot)  
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erosion   loss of part of epidermis; depressed, moist, glistening; follows rupture of a vesicle or bulla  
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ulcer   loss of epidermis and dermis; concave; varies in size  
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atrophy   thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings; skin appears translucent and paper-like (aged skin)  
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