Cardiovascular System
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| aorta | largest artery o body
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| aortic valve | between aorta and left ventricle
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| arteriole | tiny artery connecting to capillary
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| artery | thick, carries oxygenated blood; away from heart
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| atrioventricular bundle/His | fibers in interventricular septum; transfer charges in hearts conduction system
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| atrioventricular node | sends charge to bundle of His
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| atrioventricular valve | one of two; control blood flow
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| atrium | upper chamber
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| bicuspid/mitral valve | left side of heart
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| blood | fluid; circulates through body; delivers nutrients
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| blood pressure | force of blood against artery walls
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| blood vessel | passageway which blood travels
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| capillary | smallest blood vessle exchange point between artery and veins
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| carbon dioxide | waste material in veins
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| cardiac cycle | contraction and relaxation of heart
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| cardiovascular | relating to the heart
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| carotid artery | to head and neck
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| conduction system | sends electrical charge; causes contraction and relaxation of heart
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| coronary artery | oxygen rich blood to heart
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| depolarization | contracting state of conduction system
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| diastole | relaxation phase of heart beat
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| ductus arteriousus | fetal;blood bypasses non functionl lungs
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| ductus venosus | fetal; bpass liver
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| endocardium | lines chambers and valves; innermost layer
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| endothelium | secretes substance into blood
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| epicardium | outermost layer
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| femoral | blood to thigh
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| foramen ovale | opeing in septum in fetus; closes at birth
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| heart | receives blood and sends blood
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| inferior vena cava | large vein; lower part of body to right atrium
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| left atrium | upper left chamber
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| left ventricle | lower left chamber
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| lumen | inside artery which blood flows
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| myocardium | between epicardium and endocardium
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| pacemaker | sinoatrial node; device regulates heart rhythym
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| pericardium | protective covering o heart
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| polarization | resting state
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| popliteal | supplies blood behind knee
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| pulmonary artery | one of two; carries blood low in oxygen from heart to lungs
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| pulmonary valve | controls blood flow between right ventricle and pulmonary arteries
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| pulmonary vein | one of four; oxygenate blood; from lungs to LA
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| pulse | phythmix expansion and contraction of blood vessel
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| repolarization | recharging state; transition from contraction to resting
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| right atrium | upper right chamber
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| right ventricle | lower right chamber
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| saphenous vein | deoxygenated blood from legs
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| semilunar valve | one of two; prevent back flow into aorta
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| septum | pertition between left and right chambers of heart
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| sinoatrial node | send electrical impulses to heart causing contraction
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| sinus rhythm | normal heart beat
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| superior vena cava | vein transport blood from upper body to hear
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| systole | contraction
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| tricuspid valve | atrioventricular valve on right side of heart
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| valve | slow or prevent fluid from back flow
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| vein | deoxygenated blood to heart
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| ventricle | two lower chambers of heart
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| venule | tiny vein connecting to capillary
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| angio | blood vessel
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| aorto | aorta
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| arterio, artero | artery
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| athero | fatty matter
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| atrio | atrium
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| cardio | heart
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| hemangio | blood vessel
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| pericardio | pericardium
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| phlebo | vein
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| sphygmo | pulse
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| thrombo | blood clot
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| vaso | blood vessel
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| veno | vein
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| Acg | acceleraor globulin
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| AF | atrial fibrillation
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| ami | acute mocardial infarction
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| as | aortic stenosis
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| asd | asd atrial septal defect
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| ashd | arterioschlerotic heart disease
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| av | atrioventricular
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| ascvd | arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease
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| bo | blood pressure beats per minute
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| cabg | coronary artery bypass graft
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| cad | cornary artery disease
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| cath | catheter
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| ccu | coronary care unit
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| chd | coronary heart disease
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| chf | congestive heart failure
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| co | cardiac output
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| cpk | creatine phosphokinase
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| cpr | cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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| cva | cerebrovascular accident
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| cvd | cardiovascular disease
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| dic | disseminated intravascular coagulation
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| dsa | digital subtraction angiography
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| dvt | deep venous thrombosis
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| ecg, ekg | electrocardiogram
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| echo | echocardiogram
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| ett | exercise tolerance test
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| got | glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
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| hdl | high density lipoprotein
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| hr | heart rate
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| ldh | lactate dehydrogenase
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| ldl | low density lipoprotein
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| lvh | left ventricular hypertrophy
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| mi | mitral insufficiency
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| mr | mitral regurgitation
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| ms | mitral stenosis
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| muga | multiple gated acquisition scan
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| mvp | mitral valve prolapse
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| pac | premature atrial contraction
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| ptca | percutaneous trnsluminal cornary angioplasty
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| pvs | premature ventricular contraction
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| sa | sinoaatrial
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| sv | stroke volume
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| tc | total cholestrol
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| tpa | tissue plasminogen activator
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| vldl | very low density lipoprotein
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| vsd | ventricular spetal defect
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| vt | ventricular tachycardia
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| angiocardiography | viewing of heart and its major blood vessels by exray after injection of contrasat medium
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| angiography | viewing of major blood vessels by xray after injection of contrast medium
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| arteriography | specific artery xray
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| aortagraphy | aorta xray
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| auscultation | listening to body sounds; stehtoscope
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| cardiac catheterization | pass thin catheter thru vessle to take samples
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| cardiac enzyme test/serum enzyme test | blood tests determine levels of exnzyme during myocardial infarction
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| cardiac MRI | heart view by magnetic resonance imaging
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| cardiac scan | heart muscle at work; injectino of radioactive substance
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| cholesterol | faty substance; circulate sthru bloodstream
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| digitla subtraction angiography | two angiograms done with diff dyes
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| doppler ultrasound | test blood flow in vessels
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| echocardiography | sound waves to produce images of heart
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| ejection fraction | percentage of volume of contents of lv ejected
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| electrocardiography | electrocardiograph in diagnosis
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| holter monitor | protable device provicdes 24 hr electrocardiogram
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| lipid profile | levels of lipids in blood
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| muga | radioactive scan showing heart function
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| phebograph | vein by xray
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| pet scan | nuclear image measures movement of heart areas
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| sonography | images based on echoes of waves against structures
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| sphygmomanometer | measures blood pressure
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| stress test | measures hear rate and blood pressure while person exercises
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| venography | vein xray
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| ventriculogram | xray of ventricle
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| aneurysm | ballooning of artery wall caused by weakness in wall
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| angina (pectoris) | chest pain, lower oxygen/blood supply to heart
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| aortic regurgitation | backward flow through faulty aortic valve
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| aortic stenosis | narrowing of aorta
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| arrhythmia | irregularity in rhythm of heart beat
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| arteriosclerosis | hardening of arteries
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| arteritis | inflammations of arteris
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| asystole | cardiac arrest
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| atheroma | fatty deposit in wall of artery
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| atherosclerosis | hardening of arteris casued by build up of atheromas
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| atrial fibrillation | irregulat fast heart beat caused by overstimulation
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| atrioventricular block | blockage of electical impuls from node to ventricles
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| bacterial endocarditis | bacterial inflammation of inner heart lining
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| bradycardia | heart rate fewer than 60 bpm
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| bruit | murmur
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| cardiac arrest | sudden stopping of heart
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| cardiac tamponade | compressino of heart caused by fluid accumulation
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| cardiomyopathy | disease of heart muscle
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| claudication | limping caused by inadequate blood supply
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| coarctation of aorta | abnormal narrowing of aorta
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| congenital heart disease | heart disease from birth
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| congestive heart tfailur | inability of hert to pump enough blood; collection of fluid in lungs
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| constriction | compression or narrowing of vessel
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| coronary artery disease | reduce flow of blood thru arteries
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| cyanosis | blusish colration of skin; inadequate oxygen in blood
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| deep vein thrombosis | formation of clot in dep vein
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| dysrhythmia | abnormal heart rhythm
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| embolus | mass of foreign materical blocking vessel
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| endocarditis | inflammation of endocardium
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| essntial hypertension | high blood pressure without cause
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| fibrillation | chaotic irregular heart beat
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| flutter | regular but rapid heart beat
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| gallop | triple sound of heart beat
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| hemorrhoids | varicose condition in anal region
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| hypertension | conic condition;> 140/90; high blood pressure
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| hypertensivve heart disease | caused by high blood pressure
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| hypotension | chronic condition with below normal pressure
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| infarct | necrosis caused by sudden drop in supply of blood
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| intermittent claudication | attacks of limping; ischemia of muscles
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| intracardiac tumor | within one of heart chambers
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| ischemia | blood insufficiency caused by obstruction
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| mitral insufficiency | backward flow to damage mitral vavle
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| mitral stenosis | abnoram narrowing at opening of mitral valve
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| mitral valve prolapse | back flow into left atrium due to protrusion of cusps into la
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| murmur | soft heart humming heard between normal beats
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| myocardial infarction | drop in supply of blood in heart muscles
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| myocarditis | inflammation of myocardium
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| necrosis | death of tissue; irreversible damage
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| occlusion | closing of vessel
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| palpitations | uncomfortable pulsations of heart; thumping in chest
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| patent ductus arteriosus | condition at birth; duct between aorta and pulmonary artery remains open
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| perfusion deficit | lack of flow thru vesel
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| pericarditis | inflammation of pericardium
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| peripheral vascular disease | in lower extremities; blockage
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| petechiae | minute hemorrhages in skin
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| phlebitis | inflammation of vein
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| plaque | build up of solid material
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| pac | atrial contraction before normal impulse
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| pvc | ventricle conrtactions before normal impulse
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| pulmonary artery stenosis | narrowing of pulmonary artery; prevent lungs from receive blood from heart
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| pulmonary edema | abnormal accumulatino of fluid in lungs
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| raynauds phenonmenon | spasm in arteries of fingers; numbness
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| rheumatic heart disease | heart valve damaged untreat streptococcal infection
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| risk factor | various factors increase prob of idsease
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| rub | rictional sound heard btween heart beats
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| secondary hypertension | known cause; kidney disease
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| septal defect | congenital abnorality opening of septum
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| stenosis | narrowing of vesssel
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| tachycardia | heart rate greater tham 100 bpm
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| tetralogy of fallot | 4 congenital heart abnormalities appearing together cause deoxy blood to enter systemic circulate
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| thrombophlebitis | imflammation of vein with thrombus
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| thrombosis | presence of thrombus in vessel
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| thrombotic occulusion | narrowing caused by thrombus
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| thrombus | blood clot
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| tricuspid stenosis | narrowing of opeing of tricuspid valve
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| valvulitis | inflammatino of heart valve
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| varicose vein | dilated, enlarges, twisted vein
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| vegetation | clot on heart valve
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| anastomosis | surgical connection of vessels to allow blood to flow thru
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| angioplasty | opening of blocked vessel
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| angioscopy | viewing o interio of vessel
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| arteriotomy | surgical incision into artery; remove clot
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| atherectomy | removal of atheroma
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| balloon catherter dilation | insert catherter to open passage
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| bypass | creat new passage for blood; detour
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| cariopulmonary bypass | divert flow from heart thru heart lung machine and back
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| embolectomy | removal of embolus
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| endarterectomy | removal of disease portion of lining of artery
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| endovascular surgery | procedures done during cardiac catheterization
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| fontan operation | creat bypass from ra to main pulmonary artery
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| heart transplant | implantation of heart of person who died to diseased heart person
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| hemorrrhoidectomy | removal of hemorrhoids
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| intravascular stent | stent place in vessel to allow blood to flow freely
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| phlebotomy | drawing of blood from vein by small incision
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| stent | implant device to hold something
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| thrombectomy | removal of thrombus
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| valve replacement | replacement of coronary valve
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| valvotomy | incision in valve to remove obstruction
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| valvuloplasty | surgical reconstruction of valve
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| venipuncture | small punture to vein
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| coronary vasodilators | dilates arteries; used to treat infartion, congestive heart failure, angina
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| beta blockers | reduce contraction streath, lower blood pressure; slow heartbeat
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| calcium channel blockers | inability of calicium to enter heart muscle; reduce heart rate; dilate arteries to enhance flow
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| thrombolytics | dissolve blood clots
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| bile acid sequestrants | lipid lowering meds
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| lipid mlowering medications | reduces lipids and cholesterol
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| centrally acting hypertensive agents; antihypertensive | decrease blood pressure by brain control centers
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| direct acting vasodilators | lower pressureby relaxing vessels
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| perippherally acting hypertensive agents | lower pressure by nerves involved
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| ace inhibitors | ease heart pumping by dilation of arteries
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| angiotensin II receptor blockers | block action that causes vessels t narrow
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| diuretics | promote removal of water to lower pressure and relieve edema
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| inotropic agents | increase amount of blood pumped by inscreasing squeezing strength
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| antiarrhythimics | alter electrical flow
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| anticoagulations; anticlotting | reduce proteins involved
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| antiplatelet meds | reduce ability of platelets to clot
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| hemorrheologic agents | decrease viscosity of blood
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| antianginal | relieve attacks of angina
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| cardiotonic | congestive heart failur; increase force of contraction
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| heparin | anti coagulant present in body
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| nitrate | dilate veins; control angina
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| tissue type plasminogen activator | prevents thrombus from forming
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