Antibiotics
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| What drug bind to and prevents removal of D-ala terminus? | Vancomycin
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| What's the side effects of Vancomycin? | Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and red man syndrome after IV
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| What's red man syndrome? | flushing upper body and face, hypotension, tachycardia and shock. Mechanism: histamine release
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| What's the MOA of Bacitracin? | It complexes with the pyrophosphate prevent dephosprylation of bactroprenol (lipid carrier), thus inhibiting cell wall synthesis
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| What's bacitracin used for? | topical for minor cuts and scrapes
opthalmic ointment for ulcerative blepharitis and bacterial conjunctivitis
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| What's fosfomycin used for? | it's for short course treatment of uncomplicated UTIs in women
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| What's fosfomycin's MOA? | it complexes with pyrophosphate blocking the addition of PEP to UDP-NAG, inhibition cell wall synthesis
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| What are the side effects of aminoglycosides? | nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity (permanent hearing loss)
can accumulate in fetal plasma, cause neonatal ototoxicity
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| Which class of drug does gentamicin belong to? | aminoglycosides
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| Which class of drug does tobramycin belong to? | aminoglycosides
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| Which class of drug does amikacin belong to? | aminoglycosides
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| What is amikacin used for? | it's for nosocomial infection that resist gentamicin and tobramycin
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| which drug of aminoglycosides is used to kill cysts of Entamoeba histolytica (amebic dysentery)? | Paromomycin (oral use)
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| Which drug of amino glycosides is used to prep for bowel surgery, topical antiinfectant? | Neomycin (oral use)
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| what's the side effect of amino glycosides and how does it happen? | neuromuscular block leading to respiratory paralysis during anesthesia. Aminoglycosides keep Ach from releasing and block post synaptic cholinergic receptors.
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| What's treatment for amino glycosides' side effect? | IV Calcium or neostigmine (cholinesterase inhibitor) to help increase level of Ach and stimulate respiratory muscles
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| What's demeclocycline for? | It's for chronic dilutional hyponatremia in the SIADH
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| What's the mechanism demeclocycline in SIADH? | It inhibit protein kinase in the kidney's collecting ducts
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| What are properties of doxycycline? | Long acting, highly lipophilic (95% absorbed), significant excretion in feces - inactive
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| What are other features of minocycline? | Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory: blocking synthesis of nitric oxide activation of microglia - thus decreasing neuronal damage.
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| what are the side effects of minocycline? | SLE-like syndrome (reversible)
chronic use can cause nail, skin and sclera pigmentation (reversible)
black pigmentation of thyroid
blue-black pigmentation of gums from bone pigmentation is permanent.
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| What is tigecycline used for? | complicated skin and intraabdominal infections, community acquired bacterial pneumonia
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| What's FDA warning for using tigecycline? | increase risk mortality if hospital acquired pneumonia.
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| What's complication of giving tigecycline for pts with hepatic impairment | decrease clearance of drug will increase half life and risk of toxicity
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| Which drug of macrolides is first effective agains legionnaires's disease? | erythromycin
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| Which drug is used with erythromycin for otitis media? | sulfisoxazole
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| Which drug of macrolides can stimulate GI motility and be used post-op to stimulate peristalsis and speed gastric emptying? | Erythromycin
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| Which drug can prolong cardiac repolarization (Torsades de Pointes)? | Erythromycin
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| What are three drugs of macrolides? | Erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin, telithromycin
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