Population change
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| Ageing population | the increasing average age of the population, together with an increasing proportion of people of over the age of 65.
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| Assisted passages | A migration policy used in Australia to encourage young European families to migrate there between the 1950s and 1970s; known as the 'ten pound passage'.
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| Birth rate | The number of births expressed as a rate per 1000 population in a year.
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| Crude rates | Measure the basic statistics of any population, such as birth or death rates per 1000.
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| Death rate | The number of deaths expressed as a rate per 1000 population in a year.
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| Demographers | people who study population.
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| Demographic transition | How population characteristics change over time.
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| Demographic Transition Model (DTM) | A theory showing how population, food supply, and economic development are linked.
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| Dependency ratio | The proportion of the population not in work (i.e. children 0-15 and those above 64) who are dependent on those in work. It is normally shown as a percentage.
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| Deprivation | A low standard of living caused by low income, poor housing and health, and low education qualifications.
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| Doubling time | the time it takes for the population to double.
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| Exponential growth | Where growth rates become more and more rapid
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| Fertility rate | The average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime, assuming that she survives from birth to the end of her reproductive life.
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| Grey pound | The spending power of those who are retired.
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| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | The value of the goods and services produced in a country over a year.
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| Host nations | Where migrants move to.
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| Infant mortality rate | The number of deaths of children before their first birthday expressed as a rate per 1000 population.
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| Inward migration | The process of moving to an area.
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| Knowledge economy | an economy based on financial, legal and management and business services, where expertise is 'sold'.
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| Life expectancy | The expected number of years of life remaining at a given age, usually expressed from birth.
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| Median age | The middle value of a range of data.
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| Migration | Movement of people
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| Natural decrease | Where population falls as death rates exceed birth rates.
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| Negative multiplier | Where low spending power caused by low incomes limits economic growth, and may cause decline as demand falls.
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| One-child policy | a population policy designed to limit every family to one child.
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| Out-migration | The process of moving away from an area.
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| Population 'explosion' | The sustained increase in global population.
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| Population density | The average number of people per unit area (usually a square kiolmetre).
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| Population structure | The proportion of people of each sex in each age group.
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| Post-production countryside | a landscape where leisure and tourism (and not food) earn landowners a living.
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| Primary employment | Jobs in the production of raw materials or natural products, e.g. farming, fishing, forestry, mining and quarrying.
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| Primary products | Raw materials; any goods grown on farms, in forests, or extracted from quarries and mines.
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| Purchasing Power Parity (PPP$) | GDP expressed in terms of what per capita income will buy in a country when cost of living is taken into consideration.
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| Rate of natural increase | The number of people per 1000 by which a population increases or decreases within a year.
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| Refined rates | Refer to particular changes in a specific population, e.g. whether a local death rate is higher than average.
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| Replacement level | The number of children needed to maintain a population. This is normally 2.1, to allow for deaths in early life.
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| Sheltered accommodation | Accommodation designed with the needs of the elderly or less mobile in mind.
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| Skills-based migration | a migration policy used in Australia to limit migrants to those who are skilled, based on employment, qualifications, age, and English-speaking abilities.
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| Soil erosion | The removal of fertile soil particles by wind or surface run-off.
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| Soil salinity | The increase in salt content in soil, beyond which plants cannot grow.
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| Source nations | Where migrants originate.
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| Youthful population | Where a high proportion of the population is aged 15 and under.
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Created by:
apeploe
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