Questions for Systemic Disorders (thru Myasthenia Gravis)
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| What condition appears as an opaque whitish retina with cherry red spot? | Central Retinal Artery Occlusion - CRAO
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| The leading cause of blindness in African-Americans is ____________. | Glaucoma
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| What is NOT used to treat Wet Macular Degeneration? | Macular Peeling
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| What is NOT seen in Dry ARMD? | Edema
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| What is seen in Dry ARMD?f | Hard Drusen / RPE atrophy and pigmentation / Photoreceptor degeneration / Soft Drusen
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| What is used to treat Wet Macular Degeneration? | Anti-VEGF agents, Intravitreal steroids, and PDT (Photo Dynamic Therapy)
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| What is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss in people over 50? | ARMD
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| What is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the US? | Diabetes
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| Microaneurysms are seen in the Nonproliferative (Background) stage of diabetes. T or F | True
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| Hemorrhages are seen in the Nonproliferative (Background) stage of diabetes. T or F | True
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| Hard and soft exudates are seen in the Nonproliferative (Background) stage of diabetes. T or F | True
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| Intraretinal microvascular anomalies (IRMA) -new vessels within the retina are seen in the Nonproliferative (Background) stage of diabetes. T or F | True
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| Neovascularization on disc or on retina is seen in the Nonproliferative (Background) stage of diabetes. T or F | False
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| Optic nerve swelling (edema) is seen in the Nonproliferative (Background) stage of diabetes. T or F | False
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| CSME- clinically significant macular edema is seen in the Nonproliferative (Background) stage of diabetes. T or F | True
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| Microaneursms can be seen in proliferative diabetic retinopathy? T or F | True
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| Hemorrhages can be seen in proliferative diabetic retinopathy? T or F | True
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| Hard and soft exudates can be seen in proliferative diabetic retinopathy? T or F | True
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| Intraretinal microvascular anomalies (IRMA) -new vessels within the retina can be seen in proliferative diabetic retinopathy? T or F | True
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| Neovascularization on disc or on retina can be seen in proliferative diabetic retinopathy? T or F | True
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| Optic nerve swelling (edema) can be seen in proliferative diabetic retinopathy? T or F | False
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| CSME- clinically significant macular edema can be seen in proliferative diabetic retinopathy? T or F | True
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| Exophthalmos-proptosis and lagophthalmos can be seen in Grave's Disease? T or F | True
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| Enophthalmos and variable, intermittent ptosis and diplopia can be seen in Grave's Disease? T or F | False
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| Diplopia and eye muscle restriction can be seen in Grave's Disease? T or F | True
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| Corneal exposure problems and Positive T3, TSH tests can be seen in Grave's Disease? T or F | True
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| Postive Tensilon (Edrophonium) test and Ptosis improves with ice application can be seen in Grave's Disease? T or F | False
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| What are three things seen in Myasthenia Gravis? | Variable, intermittent ptosis and diplopia / Positive Tensilon (Edrophonium) test / Ptosis improves with ice application
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| What three things are commonly seen in autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic Lupus, etc.? | Dry eye / Scleritis / Uveitis
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| What are two characteristics of arteriolar sclerosis (hardening of the arteries)? | Increased light reflex of arterioles (silver and copper wire effect) and Compression of the vein by the arterioles.
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| List the five main things a diabetic patient must do/control. | Blood sugar / Cholesterol / Blood Pressure / Weight / Smoking
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| What test is most important in following the course/control of a diabetic? | A1C
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| What two other medical disorders are frequently found in diabetic patients? | High Blood Pressure and High Cholesterol
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| The initial stimulus for neovascularization is usually ___________, which causes the release of ______________. | Ischemia - VEGF agent
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| Soft exudates have a _____________ border and are caused by _______________. | Blurred - Microinfarction of small arterioles
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| Hard exudates have a ___________ border and are due to __________________. | Sharp - Leakage of protein from vessels
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| What is the main cause of decreased vision in non-proliferative (background) diabetic retinopathy? | CSME
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| What is the stage of retinopathy just prior to proliferative stage called? | Pre-proliferative
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| What three things are true of Multiple Sclerosis? | Always have more than one episode of optic neuritis / Central visual field defect / Most common in females 20-40
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| Histoplasmosis may have the following three things. | Macular hemorrhage / Peripheral punched out retinal lesions witch are diagnostic / Common in the Ohio Valley area
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| Toxoplasmosis may have the following three things. | Macular hemorrhage / Spread by cat or puppy / Most common in anyone over age 40
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| Toxocara may have the following two things. | Macular hemorrhage / Spread by cat or puppy
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| Sarcoidosis is usually a non-granulomatious uveitis. T or F | False
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| Sarcoidosis is usually a granulomatous uveitis. T or F | True
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| Sarcoidosis is an autoimmune disorder. T or F | True
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| Sarcoidosis is most common in Caucasians. T or F | False
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| Sickle cell anemia is mostly found in ____________________ is ________________ and _________________ of the retina may occur. | African-Americans - Hereditary - Neovascularization
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| _________________ and ______________________ are the most common metastatic tumors to the eye. | Breast cancer - Lung cancer
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| Retinoblastoma occurs in teenagers. T or F | False
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| Retinoblastoma occurs in infants. T or F | True
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| Retinoblastoma has a high treatment success rate. T or F | True
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| Retinoblastoma can appear as a strabismus and a white reflex might be seen. T or F | True
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| Retinoblastoma has an average treatment success rate. T or F | False
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