medical terminology chapter 2
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| Abdomen | part of the trunk between the thorax and pelvis
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| abdominal | pertaining to the abdomen
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| anatomy | study of structures of the human body
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| anterior(opposite of posterior) | The front surface of the body; situated in front
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| caudal(opposite of cephalic same as inferior | Pertaining to or nearer to the head
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| coronal(same as frontal) | Pertaining to the vertical p[lane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.
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| distal(opposite of proximal) | Situated away from the center of the body.
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| dorsal(same as posterior) | Pertaining to the back or situated behind
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| lateral(opposite of medial) | Situated at the side of a structure
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| medial(opposite of lateral) | Nearer to the middle of the body
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| posterior(opposite of anterior) | Pertaining to the back surface of the body;situated behind
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| prone( opposite of supine) | Laying face down, flat on your belly
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| proximal(opposite of distal) | Situated nearest to the center of the body
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| sagittal | vertical plane through the body dividing it into right and left portions
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| supine(opposite of prone) | laying face up, flat on your spine
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| transverse | Horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions
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| ventral(same as anterior) | Pertaining to the belly or situated nearer the surface of the belly.
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| Abdominopelvic | Pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis
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| cavity cavities(pl) | A hollow space or body compartment
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| cranial | pertaining to the cranium
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| cranium | the skull
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| diaphragm | Muscular sheet separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
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| Diaphragmatic(adj) | pertaining to the diaphragm
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| quadrant | one quarter of a circle; one of four regions of the surface of the abdomen
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| spine | The vertebral column or a short bony protection
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| Spinal(adj) | Pertaining to the spine
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| thoracic(adj) | Pertaining to the chest
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| thorax | The part of the trunk between the abdomen and neck
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| umbilical | Pertaining to the umbilicus or the center of the abdomen
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| umbilicus | Pit in the abdomen where the umbilical cord entered the fetus.
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| cranial cavity | contains the brain within the skull
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| thoracic cavity | contains the heart,lungs,thymus,gland, trachea, and esophagus, and numerous blood vessels and nerves
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| abdominal cavity | separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm, contains the stomach,intestines,liver,spleen, pancreas, and kidneys.
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| pelvic cavity | surrounded by the pelvic bones, contains the urinary bladder,part of the large intestine,the rectum,anus, and the internal reproductive organs.
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| spinal cavity | contains the spine
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| The whole body or organism is | composed of organ systems
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| organ systems are composed of | organs
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| organs are composed of | tisues
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| Tissues are composed of | cells
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| cells are composed in part of | organelles
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| organelles are composed of | molecules
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| molecules are composed of | atoms
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| zygote | cell resulting from the union of sperm and egg.
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| Conception | Fertilization of the egg by sperm to form a zygote.
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| Cytology | is the study of cell.
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| cell | The smallest unit of the body capable of independent existence.
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| cytologist | Specialist in the structure,chemistry,and pathology of the cell.
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| fertilization(noun) | union of a male sperm and a female egg
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| Fertilize(Verb) | Penetration of the egg by sperm
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| organ | structure with specific body functions in a body system.
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| organelle | Part of a cell having special functions.
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| organism | Any whole living, individual plant or animal
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| tissue | collection of similar cells.
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| As the zygote divides every cell it creates becomes a complex little factory that carries out these basic life functions | Manufacture of proteins and lipids
production and use of energy
communication with other cells
replication of dna and production of itself.
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| Anabolism | the buildup of complex substances in the cell from simpler ones as a part of metabolism.
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| catabolism | The breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones as part of metabolism
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| chromosome | body in the nucleus that contains DNA and genes
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| cytoplasm | Clear, gelatinous substance that forms the substance of a cell except for the nucleus.
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| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | source of hereditary characteristics found in chromosomes
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| electrolyte | Substance that, when dissolved in a suitable medium, forms electrically charged particles.
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| hormone | Chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to simulate or inhibit a function another tissue or organ.
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| hormonal | pertaining to a hormone
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| intracellular | within a cell
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| lipid | General term for all types of fatty compounds; for example cholesterol, triglycerides and fatty acids
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| membrane | Thin layer of tissue covering the structure or cavity
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| membranous(adj) | Pertaining to the membrane
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| metabolism | The constantly changing physical and chemical processes occurring in the cell that are the sum of anabolism and catabolism
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| metabolic(adj) | Pertaining to metabolism
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| mitochondrion(sing) Mitochodria(pl) | Organelles that generate,store, and release energy of cell activities.
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| nuleolus | small mass within the nucleus
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| nucleus | Functional center of a cell or structure
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| nuclear(adj) | pertaining to the nucleus
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| protein | CLass of food substances based on amino acids.
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| ribonucleic acid(RNA) | The information carrier from DNA in the nucleus to an organelle to produce protein molecules
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| steroid | Large family of chemical substances found in many drugs,hormones,and body components
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| Arthoscopy | Visual examination of the interior of a joint
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| connective tissue | the supporting tissue of the body
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| cruciate | shaped like a cross
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| histology | study of the structure and functions of cells,tissues,and organs
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| histologist | specialist in histology
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| ligament | Band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures.
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| meniscus | Disc of cartilage between the bones of a joint
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| muscle | a tissue containing of contractile cells
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| patella(sing) Patellae(pl) | Thin,circular bone embedded in the patellar tendon in front of the knee joint also called the kneecap.
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| Patellar | pertaining to the patella
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| therapy | Systematic treatment of a disease,dysfunction,or disorder
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| therapeutic | relating to the treatment of a disease or disorder
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| therapist | Professional trained in the practice of a particular therapy.
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| Capsule | Fibrous tissue layer surrounding a jount or other structure
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| capsular(adj) | Pertaining to capsule
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| cartilage | Nonvascular fir connective tissue found mostly in joints
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| collegen | Major protein of connective tissue,cartilage,and bone.
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| matrix | a substance that surrounds and protects cells, is manufactured by the cells, and holds them together
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| nutrient | a substance in food required for normal physiologic function.
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| periosteum | Fibrous membrane covering a bone.
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| synovial | pertaining to the synovial membrane or fluid
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| tendon | Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone.
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| Cardiovscular | Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
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| digestion | Breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism
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| digestive(adj) | pertaining to digestion
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| endocrine | a gland that produces an internal or hormonal substance
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| homeostasis(note hemostasis is the arrest of bleeding.) | Maintaining the stability of a system or the body's internal environment
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| integument | organ system that covers the body, the skin being the main organ within the system
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| integumentary(adj) | Pertaining to the covering of the body
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| lymph | Clear fluid collected from body tissues and transported by lymph vessels to the venous circulation.
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| lymphatic(adj) | pertaining to lymph or the lymphatic system
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| nervous | Pertaining to a nerve or the nervous system; or easily excited or agitated The whole, integrated nerve apparatus.
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| nervous system | The whole, integrated nerve apparatus.
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| respiration | Process of breathing; fundamental process of life used to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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| respiratory(adj) | Pertaining to respiration
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| skeleton | The bony framework of the body
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| Skeletal(adj) | Pertaining to the skeleton
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| urinary(adj) | pertaining to urine
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