The role of the limbic system in memory and emotion
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| The main function of the hippocampal formation is ? | * the consolidation of long-term memories from intermediate and short-term memories
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| How the Hippocampal Formation has input and output connections with the association cortex ? | * through the entorhinal cortex
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| The hippocampal formation is composed of ? | * the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, and the subiculum
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| The major input to the hippocampal formation is from the entorhinal cortex via a diffuse projection called ? | *the perforant pathway
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| The entorhinal cortex also projects to the hippocampus and the subiculum through ? | *the alvear pathway
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| The major efferent (output) connection of the hippocampal formation is ? | * the fornix
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| The two things that communicate to the Fornix ? | * The medial diencephalic memory systems communicate with the medial temporal memory systems (hippocampal formation)
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| Involves the conscious recollection of facts or experiences ? | *Declarative Memory- Explicit Memory....loss is amnesia
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| Involves the non-conscious learning of skills, habits, and other acquired behaviors? | *Non-declarative Memory-Implicit Memory
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| Selective loss of declarative memory is typical of ? | *bilateral temporal lobe or bilateral medial diencephalic lesions....unilateral lesions do not usu cause major deficits
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| Memory that Operates on a time scale less than 1 or 2 minutes ? | *Working Memory --- Depends on an intact dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex and unimodal and heteromodal specific association cortices
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| Memory that Operates on a time scale less than 5 minutes to years ? | *Recent or consolidated memory --- Depends on an intact medial temporal and medial diencephalic structures which mediate a process by which declarative memories are consolidated in the neocortex
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| Memory that Operates on a time scale of years ? | *Remote memory --- Remote declarative memories are recalled through the activity of specific regions of the neocortex without requiring medial temporal or diencephalic involvement
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| Diseases that affect memory ? | *Alzheimer’s and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
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| The amygdaloid complex is a group of nuclei located in ? | *the anteriomedial temporal lobe
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| The amygdala represents an interconnection between ? | *the association cortex and subcortical structures, in particular the hypothalamus. It also has direct connects with olfactory structures.
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| Increased activity in the amygdala is associated with ? | *aversion, fear, anxiety, phobias and rage.....does play a role in the association of memory with emotional states
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| Three nuclear groups of the Amygdaloid Complex ? | *basolateral nucleus, corticomedial nucleus - are involved in olfaction , central nucleus - autonomic control
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| Amygdaloid Complex Afferent Connections ? | *receives and transmits information from heteromodal association cortex and limbic cortex through two pathways
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| Amygdaloid Complex Efferent Connections ? | *The Stria Terminalis (the fornix of the amygdala)- connecting the amygdala with the hypothalamus and septal areas
...... *The Ventral Amygdalofugal Pathway - connecting the amygdala to forebrain and brain stem structures
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| bilateral lesions of the amygdala ? | * Kluver-Bucy Syndrome - Decreased aggression and Unable to retrieve or learn associations between stimuli (cant recognize an enemy to flee, etc.)
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| Urbach-Wiethe Disease ? | * a decrease in amigdala activity that causes a something that should cause fear, to not
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| PTSD ? | *an increase in amigdala activity that causes extreme fear at inappropriate times
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| Main function of the hippocampus ? | *taking short term declarative memories to long term
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