pharmacology terms
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| additive effect | effect of one drug added to another - same mechanism
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| synergistic effect (synergism) | drugs taken together (similar effect) produce effect that is > effects of each added together - different mechanism
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| drug of choice | most effacious drug for condition
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| first line drugs | max efficacy with most acceptable adverse effect profile
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| efficacy | max effect that can be acheived by drug - regardless of dose
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| 2nd line drugs | decreased efficacy compared to 1st line, and/or less acceptable adverse effect profile
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| 3rd line drugs | effacious but unfavorable adverse effect profile.
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| antagonism | drug blocks effects of another drug
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| mechanism of action | how a drug works via biological & biomechanical changes w/in body
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| 4 parts of pharmacokinetics | absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
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| absorption | how drug gets into plasma (route of admin)
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| distribution | where drug goes in the body
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| metabolism | how drug is changed in body
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| elimination | how drug leaves body
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| what determines absorbtion | ph of compartment, lipid solubility, vascularity of admin site
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| lipid soluble | able to mix with fats
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| vascularity | pertains to amount of blood vessels at admin site
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| drug half-life (T 1/2) | amount of time for 1/2 drug dose to be cleared from body
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| in order for a drug to work it must be?` | free in the plasma
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| agonist | mimics actions of a substance in the body (endogenous substance)
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| endogenous substance | substance originating w/in the body
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| indirect agonism | inhibits breakdown of endogenous substance
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| partial agonists | used to normalize activity: act as agonist and antagonist as needed
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| Lupron | Brand name for leuprolide acetate, prescribed for the palliative treatment of prostatic cancer
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| heparin | Generic name of a drug indicated for anticoagulant therapy
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| Procrit | Brand name for erythropoietin, a hormone used to increase production of red blood cells in patients with cancer and renal disease
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| Glucotrol | Brand name for glipizide, given to control blood sugar levels in diabetics
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| Cytoxan | Brand name for cyclophosphamide, indicated in the treatment of several types of malignant neoplastic diseases
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| Synthroid | Brand name for levothyroxine sodium, prescribed for patients with decreased thryoid hormone production
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| Retrovir | Brand name for AZT or zidovudine, used to treat the virus responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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| Nolvadex | Brand name for tamoxifen citrate, used for teh treatment of female breast cancer
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| Adriamycin | Brand name for doxorubicin, a chemotherapy agent indicated for the treatment of breast cancer and other neoplasms
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| Humulin | Brand of injectable insulin, used to replace the missing hormone in diabetics and responsible for lowering blood sugars.
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| Humulin | Brand of injectable insulin, used to replace the missing hormone in diabetics and responsible for lowering blood sugars
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| Demulen | Brand name for ethynodiol diacetate, used as an oral contraceptive
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| Premarin | Brand name for conjugated estrogens, generally prescribed as estrogen replacement therapy
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| Coumadin | Brand name for crystalline sodium warfarin, used for the prevention of blood clots
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| Taxol | Brand name for paclitaxel, a drug originally obtained from the yew tree; now used to treat ovarian, breast and lung chancers.
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| Micronase | Brand name for glyburide, an oral medication used to control blood sugar levels in diabetic patients.
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