Sem1
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is the name given to the process of organ formation? | Organogenesis
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| When does organogenesis usually start? | In the first trimester of pregnancy
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| When can gender be determined? | Around the 12th week of pregnancy
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| When is 'it' referred to as an embryo? | From conception to the 9th week (LMP)
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| When is 'it' referred to as a foetus? | From the 9th week (LMP) until the rest of the term
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| How do the lungs develop? | Branching morphogenesis
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| Which germ layers supply most of the alveoli of the lungs? | Endoderm and mesoderm
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| Which germ layer is responsible for neural innervention? | Ectoderm
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| Which germ layer gives rise to musculoskeletal support? | Mesoderm
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| Which longitudinal channel will later become the digestive tract? | Primitive gut
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| Which germ layer does the GI system initially develop from in week 2/3? | Endoderm
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| What does the mesoderm contribute regarding GI system development? | Messentry, smooth muscle and blood vessels
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| What does the ectoderm contribute regarding GI system development? | Enteric nervous system
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| What do the following form? A)Foregut B)Midgut C)Hindgut | A)Oral cavity, oesophagus, trachea and stomach
B)Small intestine and pancreas
C)Colon
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| Where does somite development occur? | Alongside the neural tube, in pairs
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| When does somite development occur? | Starts around day 19 post-fertilisation
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| How does somite development occur? | Develops in succession from anterior to posterior. A new somite pair develops every 90 minutes, and 44 develop in total
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| What does somite development result in? | Produces muscle, and vertebral and rib bones
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| When does neural tube closure usually occur? | Days 23-26 post-LMP
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| How does the neural tube close? | The neural plate (neural ectoderm) rolls up to form the neural tube, with the neural crest forming at the boundary with the ectoderm
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| Why is neural tube closure important? | Closure is important for the development of the brain and spinal cord. Failure to close could lead to conditions such as Exencephaly or Spina Bifida
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| What does embryonic folding result in? | The entire surface being covered with ectoderm
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| What does the ectoderm later become? | The epidermis of the skin
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| What happens to the mesoderm? | The mesoderm splits into two layers; One adhering to the ectoderm, the other to the endoderm. This creates the coelom
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| When does nervous system development start to occur? | 19-21 days post-fertilisation
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| From which layer does the nervous system develop? | The ectoderm
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| What gives rise to the brain? | The neural plate, in the anterior region
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| What gives rise to the spinal cord? | The neural tube along the dorsal region
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| Which two cavities can the body cavity be divided into? | Thoracic cavity and Peritoneal cavity
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| What separates the Thoracic and Peritoneal cavities? | The diaphragm
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| What does the Thoracic cavity sub-divide into? | The Pleural and Pericardial cavities
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| Through what three ways can birth defects arise? | -Genetic (inherited or de novo mutations)
-Environmental (exposure to teratogens)
-Infections (maternal disease)
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| How does the ear develop? | From placodes (ectodermal thickening visible on surface)
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| Why is the development of the ear important? | For sensory organ formation
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| How does the inner ear develop? | From the Octic placode: visible from week 4, disappears from surface by week 5
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| When does the embryonic stage of pregnancy occur? | The 6 weeks that follow the first 16 days post-fertilisation
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| How does the shape of the embryo change during the embryonic stage of pregnancy? | -The cephalic and caudal ends curve around the yolk sac so that the head and tail are almost touching in a C-shape
-At the same time, lateral surfaces of the disc fold around the sides of the yolk sac to form the ventral surface of the embryo
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| When does limb development occur? | External surfaces are visible from early week 4
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| How do the limbs develop? | -Buds project outwards
-Patterning is important; need to specify proximal, distal, dorsal, ventral
-Forelimb is present first
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| What shows the precursors of digits? | Condensations of cartilage
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| How do the digits separate? | Apoptosis between the digits
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| When does development of the heart start to occur? | Days 22/23 post-fertilisation
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| Where is development of the heart visible? | On the ventral surface
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| When does the heart start to beat? | Around day 45
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| What do the kidneys develop from? | The urogenital ridge
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| How do the kidneys develop? | Branching morphogenesis
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| What are the 3 stages in kidney development? | Pronephros (day 18)
Mesonephros (day 24)
Metanephros (day 35)
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| What does the eye develop from? | The Optic placode
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| When does development of the eye occur? | Visible from the end of the 4th week
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Created by:
SandersE
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