WVSOM Class of 2012 Gametogenesis
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| the size of sperm is sloughed off during which phase? | spermiogenesis
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| gonad precursors are what structures? | germinal ridges
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| before puberty, testicular sex cords develop lumens to become? | seminiferous tubules
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| at puberty, primordial germ cells in males become what? | spermatogonia
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| what is the function for sertoli cells? | provide support and nutrition to sperm cells
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| how do spermatogonia divide? | incomplete cytokenesis via mitosis
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| how do spermatogonia differentiate into primary spermatocytes? | meiosis
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| what event causes primary spermatocytes to become secondary spermatocytes? | the first meiotic division
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| how long is the prophase of primary spermatocytes? | 22 days
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| after the second meiotic division, secondary spermatocytes are called what? | spermatids
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| what occurs during spermiogenesis? | spermatazoa maturation (spermatids become spermatazoa)
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| cytoplasmic remains from spermiogenesis are called what? | residual bodies
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| how long does spermatogenesis take? | 64 days
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| female primordial germ cells become what? | oogonia
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| how do oogonia proliferate? | mitosis
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| primary oocytes enter what phase and stay there? | meiotic prophase I
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| after meiotic prophase I, and with the addition of follicle cells (stroma cells), oocytes are called what? | primordial follicles
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| By the end of the 3rd month of gestation, oogonia become arranged into clusters surrounded by what? | follicular cells
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| how many primordial follicles are left by puberty? | about 400,000
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| how many primordial follicles ever ovulate? | about 500
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| the menstrual cycle causes what hormone to activate? | FSH
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| how many primordial follicles are induced to maturation each cycle? | 5-15
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| what are corpus atreticum? | masses of atresia cells
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| how are spermatozoa pushed towards the epididymis? | contractile elements of the wall of the seminiferous tubules
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| once primordial follicles become primary follicles, the squamous follicular cells become what? | granulosa cells
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| granulosa cells are what kind of tissue? | stratified epithelium
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| what is the glycoprotein layer secreted by the oocyte and the granulosa cells? | zona pellucida
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| what term is used to describe the irritation that occurs from the release of fluid and blood from the ovulation point into the pelvic peritoneum? | middle pain ("mittelscherz")
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| what is the name of the stroma cells that surround the granulosa epithelium? | theca folliculi
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| the theca folliculi differentiate into what layers and for what purpose? | theca interna and externa; externa are connective, interna secrete estrogen
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| what develops that differentiates primary and secondary follicles? | antrum (fluid-filled space)
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| what are the granulosa cells of the secondary follicle that remain around the oocyte? | cumulus oophorus
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| a full-sized follicle is called a what? | Graafian follicle
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| after a follicle reaches its full size, what cycle resumes? | meiosis I
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| unequal cytokinesis of a primary oocyte will form a what? | polar body
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| after the formation of a polar body, the secondary oocyte continues meiosis to what stage? | metaphase II
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| after ovulation, the cumulus oophorus becomes what? | corona radiata
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| the remains of a follicle form what structure? | corpus leuteum
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| the corpus leuteum secretes what hormone? | progesterone
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| if the egg is not fertilized, the corpus leuteum become what? | corpus albicans
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| how are spermatogonia connected? | cytoplasmic bridges
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| at what point does the primary oocyte become a secondary oocyte? | formation of polar body
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| when does ovulation occur in the cell cycle? | after cell reaches metaphase II
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