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| “Strict scrutiny” is the level of judicial review the federal courts give to all cases that involve | racial classifications.
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| A woman’s constitutional right to an abortion was established in | Roe v. Wade (1973).
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| About what did Justice Potter Stewart confess, “I know it when I see it”? | pornography
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| During the late 1940s and 1950s, ______ was the head lawyer for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. | Thurgood Marshall
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| Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) and Roe v. Wade (1973) have been extremely important in the development of | a constitutional right to privacy
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| If a person were imprisoned in the United States without an open trial before a judge, this action would | violate the right of habeas corpus.
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| In 1890, ______ became the first state to allow women to vote. | Wyoming
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| In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that | quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional but affirmative action could be used.
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| In West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, the Supreme Court announced that | children cannot be required to salute the flag if it violates their religious faith.
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| Miranda v. Arizona was important because it produced rules that must be used | by the police before questioning an arrested criminal suspect.
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| Ten years after Brown v. Board of Education, ______ percent of black children in the Deep South attended school with white children. | 1
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| The 1947 federal court case Mendez v. Westminster was significant because | its decision to overturn school segregation of Mexican American students in California served as a precursor to Brown v. Board of Education.
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| The Eighth Amendment prohibits | cruel and unusual punishment.
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| The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution guarantees | the right to vote for African American men.
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| The Seneca Falls Convention was significant because it | marked the starting point of the modern women’s movement
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| The Supreme Court case Near v. Minnesota established the principle that | only under the most extraordinary circumstances should the government prevent the publication of newspapers and magazines.
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| The Supreme Court case concerning smoking peyote during Native Americans’ religious rituals demonstrates that the Court’s key problem in ruling on religious freedom is to determine | the difference between religious beliefs and conduct that is based on religious beliefs.
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| The Supreme Court’s ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson | established the separate but equal rule.
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| The Terri Schiavo case was an example of | the controversy surrounding the so-called right to die.
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| The ______ of the First Amendment protects an individual’s right to believe and practice whatever religion she or he chooses. | free exercise clause
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| The ______ rule forbids the introduction in trial of any piece of evidence obtained illegally. | exclusionary
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| The case of Gideon v. Wainwright established the right | to counsel in felony cases.
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| The process by which the Supreme Court has expanded specific parts of the Bill of Rights to protect citizens against state and federal actions is called | selective incorporation
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| The requirement that persons under arrest be informed of their right to remain silent is known as the ______ rule | Miranda
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| The right against ______ prevents persons from being tried twice for the same crime. | double jeopardy
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| What did the Supreme Court rule in Bowers v. Hardwick? | There was no constitutional right to privacy for consensual homosexual activity.
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| What did the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish? | It abolished slavery.
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| What forbade workplace discrimination based on race? | the Civil Rights Act of 1964
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| What happened to California’s Proposition 187? | A federal court declared most of it a violation of the U.S. Constitution.
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| What is the name for school segregation that results from racially divided neighborhoods rather than state laws? | de facto
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| What was the Supreme Court case that declared the exclusionary rule? | Mapp v. Ohio
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| What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in Shelley v. Kraemer? | Racially restrictive covenants on housing could not be enforced by courts
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| When the government blocks the publication of material it does not want released, this is known as | prior restraint.
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| Which of the following cases helped lead to the Civil War by deciding that slaves had no due process rights even in free states and territories? | Dred Scott v. Sandford
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| Who inaugurated government affirmative action programs? | Lyndon Johnson
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| According to the article on "How to honor science and religion" ___ | science explains "how" and religion explains "why"
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| President ___ ended segregation in the armed force and President___ ended the "Don't ask, don't tell" policy established under the Presidency of ___. | Harry Truman; Barack Obama; Bill Clinton
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| The Supreme Court held that "fighting words" do NOT convey ideas and thus are NOT subject to first Amendment protections in the ____case | Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire
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| The "clear and present danger" test was formulated in | Schenck v. United States
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| A method that Martin Luther King, Jr. advocated using for the elimination of discrimination was | nonviolent direct action
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| In 1965, ___led a strike of the United Farm Workers Union against growers in California resulting in better pay, working conditions and housing for farm workers. | Cesar Chavez
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| In 1968, ___co-founded the ___ and established it to protect the traditional ways of Indian people and to engage in legal cases protecting treaty rights of natives. | Dennis Banks; American Indian Movement
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| In the 2007 case of ______ the Supreme Court ruled that high school sltudent's speech can be restricted after a student was suspended for unflurling a banner reading "Bong hits 4 Jesus" as the Olympic Torch passed in Juneau, Alaska | Morse v. Fredrick
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| ___ is an oral statement made in "reckless disregard for the truth" and ___ is a written statement made in "reckless disregard of the truth, both of which are considered damaging to a victim because it is "malicious, scandalous, and defamatory" | Slander; libel
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| ___literally "by law"; refers to legally enforced practices such as segregation and ____ literally, "by fact"; refers to practices that occurred even when here is no legal enforcement such as school segregation. | de jure; de facto
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