Endocrine System
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| gland that secretes hormones directly into the blood or body fluids | endocrine gland
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| gland that secretes its product into a duct or onto a body surface | exocrine gland
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| system of glands in teh body that controls all system functions including growth, development, reproduction, ... | endocrine system
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| relase of a substance into the body - example hormones | secrete
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| to separate and discharge substances from the body - example urine and feces | excrete
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| chemical messenger secreted by an endocrine cell | hormone
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| what are hormones carried in | the blood
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| hormones have an effect on | target cells with matching receptors
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| where are the two places receptors may be located | inside the cell or outside attached to the cell membrane
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| process where target cell receptors decrease when a hormone is in excess | down-regulation
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| process where target cell receptors increase when a hormone is scarce | up-regulation
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| ____________ hormones are produced by endocrine cells | circulating
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| _____________ hormones travel through the blood stream to bind to target cells | circulating
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| ___________ hormones do not pass into the circulatory system | local
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| Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulated the thyroid gland. TSH is a _________ hormone. | circulating
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| hormones can be classified based on their ____________ properties | solubility
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| classification of hormone the requires a transport protein while in circulation but can pass easily through the cellular membrane | lipid soluble
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| classification of hormone that are dissolved in the blood stream, but cannot pass eaily through the cellular membrane | water soluble hormones
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| amine, peptide, and protein hormones are all examples of ___________ hormones | water soluble
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| the majority of hormones and what type | peptide and protein hormones (water soluble)
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| what hormones are produced by the pancreas, adrenal medulla and kidneys | peptide and protein hormones
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| how do water soluble hormones affect cells | they use the 2nd messenger system in order to get inside the cell
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| what are two examples of lipid soluble hormones | steroid and thyroid hormones
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| steroid hormones are derived from | cholesterol
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| where are steroid hormones synthesized | by the ER in the kidneys, testes and ovaries
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| where are thyroid hormones produced | thyroid gland
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| how do lipid soluble hormones travel through the blood | interstitial fluid
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| What three basic mechanisms tell endocrine glands to release hormones | 1-signals from the nervous system 2-chemical changes in the blood 3-signals from other hormones
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| hormone interaction where two hormones are required at once to get the desired effect | permissive effect
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| hormone interaction where the action of two hormones is greater combined than each of them alone | synergistic
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| hormone interaction where one hormone opposes another | antagonistic
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| The hormone Renin acts to increase blood pressure, while Atrial-natriuretic peptide decreases blood pressure. These hormes are | antagonistic
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| Which feedback loop increases a deviation from normal limits | positive feedback loop
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| feedback mechanism that opposes a variation from normal limits | negative feedback loop
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| area that regulates many aspects of teh endocrine and automic nervous system | hypothamlus
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| What is the infundibular stalk | what connects teh pituitary gland to the hypothalamus
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| the hypophysis is also known as the | pituitary gland
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| the hypothalmus and pituitary gland control most aspects of | growth, metabolism, development and homeostasis
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| which part of the adrenal gland controls growth and reproduction | anterior pituitary
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| aka adenohypophysis | anterior pituitary
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| the hypothalamus tells this part of the pituitary gland to release and/or inhibit hormones | anterior pituitary
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| Gland that produces hGH, TSH, FSH, PRL and ACTH | anterior pituitary
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| part of the pituitary gland that does not produce hormones, only stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus | posterior pituitary
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| What hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary | antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin (OT)
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| network of vessels that carry blood from the hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland so hormones can be directed to go where they are needed more quickly | hypophyseal portal system
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| cells located in the hypothalamus that produce hormones which are packaged and released by the posterior pituitary | neurosecretory cells
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| what gland is directly inferior to the larynx | thyroid gland
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| this gland is stimulated by TSH and blood iodine levels | thyroid gland
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| this gland produced T3, T4 and Calcitonin | thyroid gland
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| What are three things T3 and T4 increase | cellular metabolism rate, growth and development
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| What gland controls body temperature mainly through control of metabolic rate | thyroid gland
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| what is produced as a result of low dietary iodine and overproduction of TSH | goiter
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| gland that controls calcium balance and increases Ca and Mg retention by kidneys | parathyroid gland
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| this hormone stiulates osteoclasts to resorb bones and icnrease blood calcium | parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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| This gland produces glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, and androgens | adrenal gland
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| what do glucocorticoids do for the body | stimulate glucose synthesis
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| what do mineralcorticoids do for the body | water and electrolyte balance; Na and K balance
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| What is aldosterone and what does it do for the body | mineralcorticoid - raises sodium in the blood
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| what is cortisol and what does it do for the body | increases breakdown of fats and proteins
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| which hormone released by the adrenal gland is known as the "stress hormone" because it causes cells to take in more glucose to deal with whatever | cortisol
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| what are androgens are where are they released from | sex hormones released from the adrenal gland
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| this gland is attached to the duodenum and has endocrine and exocrine functions | pancreas
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| this gland's major function is regulation of glucogon and insulin secretion | pancreas
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| released from pancreas when blood sugar is high - tells cells to store sugar from the blood in the cells | insulin
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| released from pancreas when blood sugar is low - tells cells to send glucose into the blood stream | glucagon
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| ADH - antidiuretic hormone is also known as | vasopressin
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| What type of diabetes is caused by little or no circulating insulin and therefore needs insulin injections | Type I Diabetes
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| Type of diabetes caused by low levels of glucose transporters which lead to low glucose levels in the cells | Type II
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| type of diabetes that develops in adults | Type II
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| testosterone release is controlled by luteinizing hormone (LH) from the __________ gland | pituitary
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| synthetic androgens often takin in very high doses | anabolic steroids
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| Is the thymus a circulating, paracrin or autocrine gland | paracrine - hormone released acts on neighboring cells
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| this gland is involved in immune and lumphatic systems and promotes T cell differentiation | thymus
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| the pineal gland releases _________ which plays a major role in your biological clock | melatonin
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| where is Eruthropoietin (EPO) produced and what does it do | kidney - red blood cell differentiation
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| Where is renin produced and what does it do | kidney - increase blood pressure
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| where is atrial natriuretic peptide released and what does it do | heart - lower blood pressure
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| where is thrombopoietin (TPO) released and what does it do | liver - platelet production
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| where is progesterone released and what does it do | placenta - maintain pregnancy
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| where is gastrin produced and what does it do | stomach - stimulates exocrine cells and pancreas
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Created by:
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