Anatomy Chp 15 - Special Senses
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| What are the two layers of the olfactory sense? | olfactory epithelium and lamina propria
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| neurons with cilia called olfactory hairs are | olfactory receptor cells
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| what is the life span for olfactory receptor cells? | 60 days
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| sensation of taste resulting from chemical sensation on the taste buds | gustation
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| the tongue is made up of little bumps called | lingual papillae
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| the most abundant lingual papillae that has no taste buds | filiform
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| type of lingual papillae found at the tips and sides of the tongue | fungiform
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| type of lingual papillae that is found at the read of the tongue and has about 1/2 of the taste buds | circumvallate
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| molecules must be dissolved in _____________ in order to be tasted | saliva
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| Once molecules contact the gustatory hairs, a ______________ potential begins | graded
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| taste signals that are projected to the hypothalamus and amygdala initiate what response | salivation, gagging, vomiting
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| taste signals that are projected to the thalamus and cerebral cortex initiate what response | conscious taste
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| What nerves innervate the taste buds | facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus
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| metal ions usch as NA & K have a ___________ taste | salty
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| mainly organic compounds have a __________ taste | sweet
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| acids have a ___________ taste | sour
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| spoiled food and alkaloids such as nicotine and caffeine have a ____________ taste | bitter
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| "meaty" foods have a ____________ taste | umami
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| palpebrae is another word for _____________ | eyebrows
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| fissure between top and bottom eyelids | palpebral fissure
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| the purpose of the eyelids is to | protect and moisten
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| what do the tarsal glands of the eyelids do | secrete oil to reduce tear evaporation
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| what are the lacrimal caruncles of the eye | fleshy tissue with glands producing thick secretions
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| the transparent mucus membrane that lines the eyelids and covers anterior surface of eyeball except cornea | conjunctiva
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| tears are produced in the | lacrimal gland
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| extrinsic eye muscles are innervated by what cranial nerves | 3, 4 and 6
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| how often is the aqueous humor of the vitreous body replaced | every 90 minutes
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| tunics is another word for | layer
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| the fibrous tunic of the eye includes the | sclera and cornea
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| the vascular tunic of the eye include the | choroid, ciliary body and iris
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| the neural layer of the eye includes | the pigmented and neural layer
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| part of the eye that hold the lens centered on the pupil | ciliary body with ciliary muscle
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| part of the eye that has extensive caps that deliver oxygen and nutrients to the retina | choroid
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| part of the eye that absorbs light and prevents reflections | pigmented
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| innermost lining of the vitreous chamber that is pressed against the rear of the eyeball | retina
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| the pigmented is part of the | retina
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| your light receptors of the eye are found in the | retina
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| part of the retina that detects light | photoreceptors
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| two types of photoreceptors | rods and cones
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| what do rods do | highly sensitive to light and peripheral vision
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| what do the cones of the eyes do | color vision
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| region of the retina that doesn't contain rods | macula lutea
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| part of the retina that has the highest concentration of cones | fovea
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| origin of the optic nerve that has no photoreceptors | optic disc
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| part of the eye that is a transparent structure made of crystallized proteins | lens
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| what is the visual pigment found in rod cells that change its shape | rhodopsin
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| pigment found in cone cells that change its shape | photopsin
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| for night vision, do you use your rods or cones more | rods
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| what part of the eye refracts light | cornea
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| what part of the eye fine-tunes the image to focus on near and distant objects | lens
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| if the eyeball is too short, you are | farsighted/hyperopia
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| if you eyeball is too long, you are | nearsighted/myopia
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| how do you correct hyperopia | use convex lens
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| how do you correct myopia | use concave lens
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| stereoscopic vision requires | 2 eyes with overlapping visual fields
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| stereoscopic vision is also know as | depth perception
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| where does the outer ear end | tympanic membrane
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| what part of the ear opens during swallowing or yawning to equalize air pressure | eustachian tube of the middle ear
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| the malleus of the ear is attached to the | tympanic membrane
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| the stapes of the ear is bound to inner ear at | oval window
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| the scala vestibule, cochlear duct and scala tympani make up the ____________ of the ear | canals of the cochlea
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| The vestibular of the cochlea is filled with | perilymph
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| the basilar membranes of the cochlea is filled with | endolymph
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| the spiral organ on the basilar membrane is called the | organ of Corti
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| what does the round window separate | the perilymph of inner ear from air of middle ear
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| which part of the ear has sensory hairs that contain sterocilia that extend into endolymph and cochlea duct | organ of corti
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| what ion flows inward to cause depolarization and an action potential in the ear | Potassium
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| these enhance the sense of gravity and motion | otoliths
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| equilibrium is maintained by the | saccule and utricle
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| changes in position are monitored by the crista ampullairs of the _______________________ | semicircular ducts
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