Chapter 4 Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| core | earths center where pressures and temperatures are very high
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| mantle | the section of earths interior that lies above the outer core and has the most mass
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| magma | liquid rock within earth
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| plate tectonics | the theory that earths crust divided into rigid plates that slowly move across the upper mantle
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| continental drift | the process by which earths plate slowly move across the upper mantle
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| rift valleys | places on earths surface where the crust stretches until it breaks
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| abyssal plains | areas of the ocean floor where rocks gradually sink because they have no supporting heat below them
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| continental shelves | areas where continental surfaces extend under the shallow ocean water around the continents
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| trench | a deep valley marking a collision of plates, where one plate slides under another
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| folds | places where rocks have been compressed into bends by colliding plates
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| faults | places where rock masses have been broken apart and are moving away from each other
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| weathering | the process by which rocks break and decay over time
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| sediment | small particles of weathered rock
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| erosion | movement of surface material from one location to another by water,wind, and ice
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| glaciers | thick masses of ice, including great ice sheets and bodies of ice that flow down mountains like slow rivers
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| plateau | an elevated flatland that rises sharply above nearby land on at least one side
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| alluvial fan | fan-shaped deposit of mud and gravel often found along the bases of mountains
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| delta | accumulation of sediment at the mouth of a river
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| desalinization | process of removing salt from ocean water
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| hydrologic cycle | movement of water through the hydrosphere
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| headwaters | first and smallest streams formed from the runoff of a mountain, eventually forming rivers
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| tributary | any smaller stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river
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| drainage basin | a region drained by a river and its tributaries
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| estuaries | semi-enclosed bodies of water,seawater, and freshwater formed where a river meets an inlet of the sea
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| wetlands | landscapes that are covered with water for at least part of the year
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| groundwater | water found below ground
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| water table | the groundwater level at which all the cracks and spaces in rock are filled with water
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| humus | broken-down plant and animal matter in soil
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| leaching | downward movement of minerals and humas on soils
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| contour plowing | plowing fields across a hill, rather than up and down the hill
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| soil exhaustion | a condition in which soil has lost nutrients and becomes nearly useless for farming
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| crop rotation | the practice of planting different crops in a field in alternating years
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| irrigation | a process in which water is artificially supplied to the land
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| soil salinization | salt buildup in the soil
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| deforestation | destruction or loss of forests
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| reforestation | the replanting of a forest
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| acid rain | polluted rain that can damage trees and kill fish in lakes
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| aqueducts | artificial channels for transporting water
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| aquifers | rock layers where grounwater is plentiful
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| fossil water | groundwater that is not replenished by rain
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| ore | mineral bearing rock
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| fossil fuels | energy resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals including coal natural gases and petroleum
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| petrochemicals | certain products made from oil
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| hydroelectric power | electricity produced by moving water
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| geothermal energy | heat of earths interior
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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