Lone Star Politics (Clinkscale, Giardino, Bendon, 8th Ed,) Chapters 1, 2, and 3
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| Mosaic | a political picture made up of many parts and fragments (such as history, geography, economy, and demographics) | a political picture made up of many parts and fragments (such as history, geography, economy, and demographics) | a political picture made up of many parts and fragments (such as history, geography, economy, and demographics) | a political picture made up of many parts and fragments (such as history, geography, economy, and demographics) | a political picture made up of many parts and fragments (such as history, geography, economy, and demographics) | a political picture made up of many parts and fragments (such as history, geography, economy, and demographics)
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| de Vaca | arrived in Texas in November 1528 | spent 7 years exploring Texas and the American Southwest | this person's travels prompted Spanish colonial officials to outfit an expedition to further explore the Texas area | descried "golden cities" in the Texas area | arrived in Texas in November 1528 | this person's travels prompted Spanish colonial officials to outfit an expedition to further explore the Texas area
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| Coronado | led an expedition prompted by de Vaca | never found the treasure previously described, cooled Spanish interest in to further explore Texas | never found the treasure previously described, cooled Spanish interest in to further explore Texas | led an expedition prompted by de Vaca | never found the treasure previously described, cooled Spanish interest in to further explore Texas | led an expedition prompted by de Vaca
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| La Salle | landed on Texas coast in 1684 | claimed the area he landed on in Texas for the king of France | expedition was a failure with disease, murder, starvation, and Indian attacks | his expedition caused Spain to have a more vigorous claim to Texas | inspired Spanish plans for permanent presence | his expedition caused Spain to have a more vigorous claim to Texas
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| The first Spanish mission in Texas | established in East Texas near nacogdoches | did not prosper due to the Caddo Indiands taking no interest in them | revealed that the Natives wanted to part of Spain or their institutions | established in East Texas near nacogdoches | revealed that the Natives wanted to part of Spain or their institutions | did not prosper due to the Caddo Indiands taking no interest in them
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| Stephen F. Austin | his father negotiated a settlement agreement with the Spanish | began issuing land grants to Texas in the 1820s | gave farmers 177 acres of land | gave ranchers 4428 acres of land | his father negotiated a settlement agreement with the Spanish | gave farmers 177 acres of land; gave ranchers 4428 acres of land
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| Requirements of landowners (of land given by Austin) | must occupy the land within two years | must have the land surveyed | must make improvements to the land | must become Catholic | must occupy the land within two years | must become Catholic
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| Tejanos | "native Texans" | old families of Hispanic Texas | "native Texans" | old families of Hispanic Texas | "native Texans" | old families of Hispanic Texas
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| Sam Houston | General Santa Anna's counterpart | from Tennessee | managed to lead the "Texians" to victory | defeated and captured Santa Anna | General Santa Anna's counterpart; managed to lead the "Texians" to victory | defeated and captured Santa Anna
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| Reconstruction | after the civil war, American had to rebuild itself | a time which saw many Confederate supporters from holding office | saw the election of E.J. Davis (1969) | saw the election of E.J. Davis (1969) | a time which saw many Confederate supporters from holding office | after the civil war, American had to rebuild itself
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| E.J. Davis | elected in 1869 | first Republican governor of Texas | given broad powers by Texas Legislature | had to raise taxes, which was not popular | vigorously used state militia and police forces | was a struggle to get him out of office once he was voted out
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| James Stephen Hogg | elected because of economic troubles and political dissatisfaction (mostly among farmers and shopkeepers) | elected in 1890 | signaled the beginning of the Progressive Era in Texas politics | persuaded the state legislature to establish the Texas Railroad Commission | one of the most popular governors in the state's history | elected in 1890; persuaded the state legislature to establish the Texas Railroad Commission
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| James Ferguson | elected in 1914 | successful first term as governor appealing to rural residents but was later removed from office | used a line item veto to cut UT out of the appropriations bill for 1917 | was charged with 21 articles of impeachment, 10 of which he was convicted on | impeachment charges were related to Temple State Bank | Father Jim
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| Anne Webb Blanton | first woman to serve as president of the Texas State Teachers Association | first woman to hole a statewide elected office in Texas | served as state superintendent of public instruction from 1918-1922 | first woman to serve as president of the Texas State Teachers Association | first woman to hole a statewide elected office in Texas | served as state superintendent of public instruction from 1918-1922
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| Miriam Ferguson | won Texas governorship in 1924 | "Two Governors for the Price of One" | won Texas governorship in 1924 | her husband ran the show as governor | "Two Governors for the Price of One" | used election as a way to get her husband back into office
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| Name on of the 2 main divisions of geographic Regions of Texas | Gulf Lowlands | Western Highlands | Gulf Lowlands | Western Highlands | Gulf Lowlands | Western Highlands
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| Gulf Lowlands (4 subdivisions) | Coastal Plains | Piney Woods | Post Oaks and Prairies | South Texas Prairie | Coastal Plains, Piney Woods, Post Oaks and Prairies, South Texas Prairie | Coastal Plains, Piney Woods, Post Oaks and Prairies, South Texas Prairie
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| Western Highlands (5 subdivisions) | Edwards Plateau | Llano Uplift | Wichita Prairie | High Plains | West Texas Basins and Ranges | Edwards Plateau, Llano Uplift, Wichita Prairie, High Plains, West Texas Basins and Ranges
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| Name one of the three types of Political Culture | Individualistic | Moralistic | Traditionalistic | Individualistic | Moralistic | Traditionalistic
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| Individualistic political culture | independence | individualism | limited government | free enterprise | rugged, self-reliant frontiersman image | politics are a necessary evil, politicians are generally self-serving
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| Moralistic political culture | human cultures are a commonwealth | government has a role of activism and inclusion | citizens are encouraged to involve themselves with their own governance | public good over private gain | intolerant of political corruption | open to new ideas and public participation
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| Traditionalistic political culture | emphasizes maintaining prevailing order | resistant to change | government is to preserve the status quo/refrain from innovation | leadership is restricted to a privileged few | leadership is basicallyestranged from real societal needs | "we've always done things this way"
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| What two political cultures dominate the Texas political climate? | individualistic and traditionalistic | individualistic and traditionalistic | individualistic and traditionalistic | individualistic and traditionalistic | individualistic and traditionalistic | individualistic and traditionalistic
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| Federalism | a dual system of government in which both systems operate concurrently (one at the national level and another within each of the states) | both levels have authority over their citizens | both the state and national government have their own executive, judicial, and legislative branch | dual and cooperative | layer cake and marble cake | the concept changed dramatically during the New Deal era of the 1930s
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| Constitution | Texas has had 7...and we still need another one...now thats just pathetic (no offense, Texas) | the purpose is to provide a framework in which government operates | a blueprint for government | should specify what part of the government has what responsiibilities | should both grant power and set limits | should provide a method for amendment
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| Devolution | the transfer of programs from the national level to the state level | the transfer of programs from the national level to the state level | the transfer of programs from the national level to the state level | the transfer of programs from the national level to the state level | the transfer of programs from the national level to the state level | the transfer of programs from the national level to the state level
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| Mandates | regulations passed by the US Congress that set standards for state conduct | one example is an unfunded mandate such as the ADA which required upgrading buildings to accomodate disabled persons without providing the financial means to do it | regulations passed by the US Congress that set standards for state conduct | one example is an unfunded mandate such as the ADA which required upgrading buildings to accomodate disabled persons without providing the financial means to do it | regulations passed by the US Congress that set standards for state conduct | one example is an unfunded mandate such as the ADA which required upgrading buildings to accomodate disabled persons without providing the financial means to do it
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| Statutory Law | written law (as opposed to oral or customary law) set down by a legislature or other governing authority such as the executive branch of government in response to a perceived need | written law (as opposed to oral or customary law) set down by a legislature or other governing authority such as the executive branch of government in response to a perceived need | written law (as opposed to oral or customary law) set down by a legislature or other governing authority such as the executive branch of government in response to a perceived need | written law (as opposed to oral or customary law) set down by a legislature or other governing authority such as the executive branch of government in response to a perceived need | written law (as opposed to oral or customary law) set down by a legislature or other governing authority such as the executive branch of government in response to a perceived need | written law (as opposed to oral or customary law) set down by a legislature or other governing authority such as the executive branch of government in response to a perceived needK
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| Black Codes | legislation used to further restrict the rights of African Americans | limited job opportunities for and social interaction of the newly freed slaves | essentially created a caste system | kept African Americans trapped between freedom and servitude | The Black Codes of the 1860s are not the same as the Jim Crow laws. The Black Codes were in reaction to the abolition of slavery and the South's defeat in the Civil War and were enacted them in the 1860s. Jim Crow laws started at the end of the 1800s | "The restrictive Black Codes, along with the few segregation laws passed by the first postwar governments, did not survive Reconstruction"
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| Example of Black Codes | Vagrancy Laws allowed local courts to arrest people whom they defined as idle, fine them, and contract their labor if they could not pay the fine | Grandfather Clause - If your grandfather could vote, you can vote; struck down in 1919 by Guinn vs. US | Poll Tax - a high tax that also discriminated against poor whites; was eliminated by the 24th Amendment | White Primary - Democrats, as an independent group, could restrict its members, thus the primary; struck down by Smith v. Allwright | Literacy Test - Very heavily discriminatory due to various standards mostly to prevent African Americans from voting; stuck down by the Voting Rights Act of 1965 | Residency Requirements - had to live somewhere for 2 years before you can vote; the courts established a maximum residency requirement of 30 days for national elections
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| George Ruby | came to Texas to reconstruct post-Civil war era Texas | from Maine and was well-educated | became an active member in both the Union League and the state's Republican Party | was named vice president of the 1867 Republican texas state convention | was a delegate to the 1868 state constitutional convention | June 1868, became the president of the Union League of Texas
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| Obnoxious Acts | Davis administration | created a state militia and a state police force | there was an enormous cost associated with this plan | the designated forces includedAfrican American militiaand policemen...this made a lot of white Texans really unhappy | Davic forced the enacting bill through the legislature in a "high-handed" way | gave the governor broad power to fill vacancies created at the state or local level
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| the Grange | populist farmers group | blamed their economic decline on railroad companies, Radical Republicans, and newly freed slaves | believe the government was spending too much money | sought to reduce state debt | totalled 38 of the 90 delegates to the 1876 convention | populist farmers group
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| 1974 Constitutional Convention | (noun) miserable failure | convention delegates were all the members of the Texas House and Texas Senate meeting together | new constitution would have required annual legislative sessions | the new constitution would have provided for the appointment of judges | ended up being 3 votes short of approval | governor was vocal in his opposition and hinted at the document resulting in a state income tax
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| universal suffrage | (my personal understanding) the ability for the right to vote to be extended to persons without regard for race, religion, sex, political affiliation | the actual definition: suffrage for all adults who are not disqualified by the laws of the country (the definition in and of itself makes any stance on suffrage universal since it is all dependent on the whims of current statute) | (my personal understanding) the ability for the right to vote to be extended to persons without regard for race, religion, sex, political affiliation | (my personal understanding) the ability for the right to vote to be extended to persons without regard for race, religion, sex, political affiliation | the actual definition: suffrage for all adults who are not disqualified by the laws of the country (the definition in and of itself makes any stance on suffrage universal since it is all dependent on the whims of current statute) | the actual definition: suffrage for all adults who are not disqualified by the laws of the country (the definition in and of itself makes any stance on suffrage universal since it is all dependent on the whims of current statute)
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| Grovey v Townshend | the US Supreme Court allowed a white primary | the US Supreme Court allowed a white primary | the US Supreme Court allowed a white primary | the US Supreme Court allowed a white primary | the US Supreme Court allowed a white primary | the US Supreme Court allowed a white primary
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| Smith v Allwright | rejected the premise of a "White Primary" | White Primaries "Not Allwright" | rejected the premise of a "White Primary" | political parties are "agencies of the state" | rejected the premise of a "White Primary" | political parties are "agencies of the state"
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| Poll Tax | passed into law in 1902 | while it was effective against minority turnout, it also affected all economically disadvantaged and politically unaware people | part of the same "progressive" reforms that brought about the primaries | while barred from the Democratic Party, African Americans had no compelling reason to pay the tax | must be paid before the end of January or a person would lose the right to vote | 1964 - the 24th Amerndment banned poll taxes in federal elections
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| Voting Rights Act | 1965 | not extended to Texas until it was renewed in 1975 | protects minorities from discrimination in the registration or voting process | weakened the ability to engage in racial gerrymandering (redrawing disctrict lines to dilute minority strength) | the number of minority office holders increased dramatically as a result of this act | protects minorities from discrimination in the registration or voting process
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| Motor Voter Law | a person can also register to vote when applying for a driver's license, public assistance, or other public services | a person can also register to vote when applying for a driver's license, public assistance, or other public services | a person can also register to vote when applying for a driver's license, public assistance, or other public services | a person can also register to vote when applying for a driver's license, public assistance, or other public services | a person can also register to vote when applying for a driver's license, public assistance, or other public services | a person can also register to vote when applying for a driver's license, public assistance, or other public services
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| election burnout | a large number of elections can exhaust voters | election burnout can be caused by many individual elections | election burnout can be caused by few elections, with long ballots for many positions (long ballots) | a large number of elections can exhaust voters | election burnout can be caused by many individual elections | election burnout can be caused by few elections, with long ballots for many positions (long ballots)
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| plurality vote | more votes than any other candidate received | more votes than any other candidate received | more votes than any other candidate received | more votes than any other candidate received | more votes than any other candidate received | more votes than any other candidate received
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| Name One Type of Election | Primary Election | General Election | Gubernatorial Election | Special Election | Legislative Elections | Judicial Elections
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