Latin America-Middle America & South America
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| indigenous | People that are descendants from an area's 1st inhabitants [example is most Mexicans are descendants of Native Americans because ancestors of Native Americans were 1st to settle Mexico]
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| mestizo | ethnic group of people from Native American and European descent-make up largest part of Mexican population today
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| dialect | a form of language unique to a particular place or group-in Latin America, each country has its own dialect
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| conquistadors | Spanish conquerors who first arrived on the Yucatan Peninsula in 1519 [example is Cortez who defeated Aztecs and claimed Mexico for Spain in 1521]
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| primate city | a city that dominates a country's culture, political affairs, and economy [example is Mexico City because of its size and influence it dominates Mexico]
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| syncretism | the results of people blending beliefs and practices from different religions [example is indigenous people blending Roman Catholic and Mayan religious beliefs]
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| canopy | dense, continuous layer of leaves formed by close growing trees of the rain forest that keeps sunlight from reaching forest floor [example is Amazon rainforest-has more species of plants & animals that anywhere on Earth]
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| cordilleras | mountain ranges that run parallel to each other [example is Andes Mountains-world's longest mountain chain, runs along western edge of South America]
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| escarpment | a long, wall-like cliff [example is Brazilian Highlands]
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| llanos | large grasslands in the interior of Columbia & Venezuela where ranchers raise cattle herds and grow wheat & grains ["breadbasket" of S. America]
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| pampas | large grasslands in the interior of Argentina & Uruguay where ranchers raise cattle herds and grow wheat & grains ["breadbasket" of S. America]
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| tierra caliente | means "hot land" in Spanish-the climate zone from sea level up to 2,500 feet
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| tierra fria | means "cold land" in Spanish-the climate zone high up in the mountains
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| tierra helada | permanent snow & ice climate zone high above the tree line/timberline [example is peaks of Andes Mountains]
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| tierra templada | moderate climate zone between 2,500 & 6,500 feet [temperate means moderate]
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| free trade zones | areas of a country where trade restrictions/barriers do not apply
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| shantytowns | makeshift/slum communities that result when cities/urban populations outgrow/exceed their resources-ex. when rural people move to cities in Latin America in large numbers (rapid urbanization)
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| gross domestic product (GDP) | the total (gross) value of goods and services produced by a country (domestic) in a year
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| export | when a country sells (sends out) its goods or crops to another country
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| import | when a country buys (brings in) goods or crops from another country
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| sustainable development | economic/technological growth that does NOT deplete (use up) the human and natural resources of an area and sustains (saves) resources for future use-ex. is wind/solar energy, rotating crops
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| A harmful effect of free trade on the environment of Latin America? | Pollution because inefficient (poorly designed) factories spring up in areas of free trade and no laws punish the owners
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| World's largest rainforest | Amazon-20% has been destroyed by deforestation (slash & burn clear cutting of trees)
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| Deforestation | Clearing of rain forest done by slash & burn-slashing & cutting down trees [de=do away with]
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| What has increased deforestation in the Amazon? | Pressure from latifundia (large agricultural estates owned by wealthy families & corporations)
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| Reforestation | Regenerating the rain forest by planting trees [re=restore or bring back]
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| How does the rain forest prevent global warming? | Rain forest trees & plants absorb (take in) carbon dioxide so it doesn't go into the atmosphere
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| territorial conflicts | Disputes between Latin American territories/regions over natural resources, trade, and political boundaries created by British decolonization (when Britain allowed their Latin American colonies to become independent countries)
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