Nervous System
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| What are neurotransmitters? | Chemicals that is stored in the synaptic vesicles of the axon of a motor neuron that are involved in the process of contraction.
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| What are dendrites? | An extension of a neuron that receives information; neurons may have one or more dendrites.
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| What is the autonomic nervous system? | Subdivision of the PNS; connects the CNS to the visceral organs via the cranial and spinal nerves to initiate involuntary responses.
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| What carries impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons? | Interneuron; also known as associative neurons
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| Define the term afferent. | Emerge from the sensory organs of the body (such as skin) and transmit impulses back toward the brain and spinal cord; also known as sensory neurons
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| Define the term synapse. | The area between the terminal branches of an axon and the ends of a branched dendrite
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| What is the medical term inflammation of a nerve? | Neuritis
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| What carries impulses away from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles and glands of the body and is also known as motor neurons? | Efferent
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| What is an axon? | The extension of a neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell; a neuron has only one axon
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| What is the somatic nervous system? | Responsible for connecting the CNS to the skin and skeletal muscles via the cranial and spinal nerves to initiate involuntary movements
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| What is the second largest structure of the brain and where is it located? | Cerebellum
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| What forms at the inferior portion of the brainstem, begins at the foramen magnum and ends at the inferior border of the pons? | Medulla oblongata
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| What is composed of gray matter nuclei and located between the midbrain and cerebrum? | Diencephalon
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| What is the cerebral cortex? | A layer of neurons on the surface of the brain that is approximately 2-4mm thick
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| What is the largest portion of the brain and is divided into a right and left hemisphere and also is covered with gyri that is separated by sulci and fissues? | Cerebrum
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| Define the term thalamus. | One of the primary structures of the diencephalon; acts as arelay station to the cerebral cortex for all sensory data from the cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord, and other parts of the cerebrum
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| What is cerebrospinal fluid? | Flows through the intraventricular canal to the third ventricle; is a reabsorbed by fingerlike projections of the anachniod that project into the dural sinuses
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| Three thin layers of protective tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord are known as what? | Meninges
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| What connects the diencephalon to the spinal cord and consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain | Brain stem
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| Define the term ventricle. | One of four cavities in the brain that produce and contain CSF
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| Define olfactory nerve and cranial nerve what? | Sensory nerve that carries smell impulses from receptors in the nasal mucosa to the brain; First (I)
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| Define oculomotor nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve that is responsible for movement of the eyeball, eyelid, pupil construction, and proprioception; Third (III)
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| Define optic nerve and cranial nerve what? | Sensory nerve that carries visual impulses from the eye to the brain; Second (II)
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| Define trochlear nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve that is responsible for movement of the superior oblique muscle of the eyeball and proprioception; Fourth (VI)
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| Define trigeminal nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve that consist of three divisions (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular); Fifth (V)
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| Define abducens nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve that is responsible for movement of the lateral rectus muscle of the eyeball and proprioception; Sixth (VI)
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| Define facial nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve that is responsible for proprioception, taste, fascial expression, and tear and saliva production; Seventh (VII)
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| Define vestibulocochlear nerve and cranial nerve what? | Sensory nerve responsible for hearing and balance and also known as auditory or acoustic nerve; Eighth (VIII)
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| Define glossopharyngeal nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve that functions in blood pressure regulation, taste, proprioception, and saliva production; Ninth (IX)
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| Define vagus nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve responsible for visceral sensation, proprioception smooth muscle contraction/relaxation, and production of digestive fluids and also the longest cranial nerve; Tenth(X)
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| Define (spinal) accessory nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve that functions in the proprioception, swallowing, and movement of the head and neck; Eleventh (XI)
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| Define hypoglossal nerve and cranial nerve what? | Mixed nerve responsible for movement of the tongue and proprioception
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