chapter 2 vocab
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| addition property of equality | adding the same number to each side of an equation produces an equivalent equation.
x-3=2
x-3+3=2+3
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| conversion factor | a ratio of two equivalent measures in different units.
the ratio 1ft/12 in. is a conversion factor.
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| cross products | in the proportion a/b=c/d the products ad and bc are called cross products. you can use following property of cross products to solve proportions.
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| cross products property | the cross products of a proportion are equal.
3/4=9/12, so 3(12)=4(9), or 36=36
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| division property of equality | dividing each side of an equation by the same nonzero number produces an equivalent equation.
5x=20
5x/5=20/5
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| equivalent equations | equations that have the same solution.
9/3=3 and9/3 +a are equivalent equations
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| formula | an equation that states a relationship among quantities
the formula for the volume v of a cylinder is V=3.14^2h, where r is the radius of the cylinder and h is its height
the formula for the volume V of a cylinder is V-3.14^2h, where r is the
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| identity | an equation that is true for every value.
5-14x=(1-14/5x)
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| inverse operations | operations that undo one another
addition and subtraction are inverse operation.
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| isolate | using properties of equality operations to get a variable with a coefficient of 1 alone on one side of the equation.
x+3=7
x+3-3=7-3
x=4
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| literal equation | A literal equation is an equation that involves two or more variables.
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| multiplication property of equality | multiplying each side of an equation by the same nonzero number produces an equivalent equation.
x/3=2
x/3.3=2.3
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| percent error | the ratio of the absolute value of the difference of the measured value and an actual value compared to the actual value, expressed as a percent.
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| percent change | the ratio of the amount of change to the original amount expressed as a percent.
the price of a sweater was $20. the price increases $2. the percent change is 2/20=10%
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| percent decrease | the percent change found when the original amount decreases
the price of a sweater was $22. the price decrease $2. the percent change is 2/22~9%
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| percent increase | the percent change found when the original amount increases.
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| proportion | an equation that states that two ratios are equal
7.5/9=5/6
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| rate | a ratio of a to b where a and b represent quantities measured in different units.
125 miles/ 2hours 0r 62.5 mi/h
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| ratio | a ratio is the comparison of two quantities by division
7:3 5/7
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| relative error | the ratio of the absolute value of the difference of a measured value and an actual value compared to the actual value.
|5-5.5|=|-0.5|+0.5=1
5.5 5.5 11
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| scale | the ratio of any length in a scale drawing to the corresponding actual length. the lengths may be in different units.
the scale on the road map is 1.5 inches=12 miles
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| scale drawing | an enlarged or reduced drawing similar to an actual object or place.
a blue print is a scale drawing of a house or building.
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| similar figures | similar figures are two figures that have the same shape, but not necessarily the same size.
similar figures could be a big triangle and a smaller triangle that look just alike.
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| scale model | a three-dimensional model that is similar to a three-dimensional object.
a ship in a bottle is a scale model.
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| Subtraction property of equality | subtracting the same number from each side of an equation produces an equivalent equation.
x+3=2
x+3-3=2-3
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| Unit analysis | including units for each quantity in calculation to determine the unit of the answer.
to change 10ft to yards, multiply by the conversion factor 1yd/3ft. 10ft(1yd/3ft)=3 1/3yd
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| Unit rate | a rate with a denominator of 1.
the unit rate for 120 miles driven in 2 hours is 60 mi/h.
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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