N130 OLOL Cardio II Exam II
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| BP= | CO x PR
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| CO= | HR x SV
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| Hypertension can result from | change in cardiac output, change in peripheral resistance or both
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| What happens to the BP if the vessels constrict? | Bp goes up
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| What happens to the BP when the vessels dialate? | BP goes down
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| Fluid retention and vasoconstriction does what to BP? | Raises BP
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| What is a normal BP? | 120/80
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| What is prehypertension BP? | systolic 120-139, diastolic 80-89
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| When a pt is in the prehypertension stage what is reccomended to help the pt.? | Lifestyle changes
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| What is the pt.'s BP if the pt. is in stage 1 Hypertension? | Systolic 140-159, Diastolic 90-99
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| What is the pt.'s BP if the pt. is in Stage 2 Hypertension? | Systolic greater than or equal to 160, diastolic greater than or equal to 100
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| What % of Adults age 18 and older in the US have normal BP? | 54%
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| What % of adults 18 and older in the US have prehypertension? | 22%
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| What % of adults age 18 and older in the US have Hypertension? | 24%
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| Isolated systolic hypertension is more common in | older adults
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| What happens as we age that causes increased preipheral resistance? | decrease in the elasticity of the major blood vessels, which causes increased bp
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| What is Hypertension know as? | The silent killer
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| When there is an increase in BUN and creatinine what does that tell? | That the kidneys are being damaged.
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| Alterations in vision or speech, dizziness, weakness, a sudden fall, or temporary paralysis on one side of the body are clinical manifestations of | CVA or TIAtransient ischemic attack) , Stroke
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| CVA | cerebrovascular accident
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| Blood volume drops what happens? | BP drops, Heart Rate increases.
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| What is Peripheral resistance? | How hard the blood has to pump through the arterials.
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| What could be the outcome of Endothelial dysfunction? | Damage to the inner layer prevents blood vessels from dialating, causes vasoconstriction, leads to target organ damage. Atherosclerosis, Nitric acid release inhibited.
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| When nitric acid relase is inhibited it causes | Vasoconstriction
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| Pt.s should not ingest caffeine or smoke cigarettes for at least how many minutes prior to an office visit where their BP will be measured? | 30 minutes
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| A pt. should sit quietly for five minutes with arm at heart level prior to what? | Having their bp taken.
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| How long should the nurse wait between taking BP if the need arises to take it again? | Two minutes
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| If protein is found in the urine it indicates damage to what organ? | The kidneys
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| What is an Echocardiogram | ultrasound of the heart
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| How do you treat Prehypertention? | lifestyle changes
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| What is the first med. given to lower blood volume | Thiazide Diuretics which lowers bp
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| What happens when over diuresis happens? | BP decreases b/c too dehydrated
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| What are the nursing considerations when giving a diuretic? | Give early in the day, watch for orthostatic Hypotension, Over diueresis = dehydration. If pt has kidney damage teach to watch for K+ and Na substitutes.
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| What is the difference between the Thiazide and loop diuretics compared to the potassium sparing diueretics? | Watch for HYPOKalemia in Thiazide and Loop and Watch for HYPERKalemia in potassium sparing
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| If pt. has kidney damage what should the pt. watch? | Salt subsitutes.
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| What is an adrenegic peripheral agent? | Reserpine ( Serpasil)
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| What med. can cause constriction, but is supposed to dialate? | Inderal
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| what is the function of adrenergic agents ? | ANS controls involuntary functions of the body such as heart rate pupil size and smooth muscle contraction, including in arterial walls
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| What are the side effects of adrenergic agents> | Orthostatic Hypotention, dizziness, nausea, bradycardia, dry mouth, impotence, bronchoconstriction
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| When giving a pt. beta blockers what should you listen for? | crackles
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| Beta blocker thearapy can mask what s & s in diabetics? | Hypoglycemia
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| What meds are usually given in crisis b/c very potent? | Vasodialators
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| What is a serious side effect of Vasodialators? | Reflex Tachycardia, be careful watch BP
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| What are Ace inhibitors used to treat? | hypertension, HR, HFand MI
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| Which drugs usually end in PRIL? | Ace inhibitors
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| Persistant coughing, postural hypotension and angioedema are side effects of what drugs? | ACE INHIBITORS ( The Prils)
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| The Angiotension II receptor blockers end in? | sartan
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| What does the ARB's ( angiotensin II receptor blockers ) do? | Blocks the action of the angiotnsin II after it is formed
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| What is the function of angiotension II> | increase BP causes vasoconstriction
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| What is the difference between the ace inhibitors and ARB's? | ace inhibitors stop angiotension from being formed. ARB's block the angiotension II from binding to the receptors.
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| What is the side effect of ARB's? | Hypotension
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| What do the nondihydropyridines act on? | heart and blood vessels
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| What do the Dihydropyridines act on? | blood vessels only
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| Which calcium channel blocker reduces MI contractility and can worsen HF? | The nondyhidropyridines because they can affect the heart.
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| What is contraindicated with Calcium channel blockers? | Grapefruit juice b/c it increase the absorption which causes greater than expected effects from the dose.
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| Do NOT D/C BP meds without Dr.'s order b/c of? | rebound hypertension
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| What complications would you look for in pt.s with hypertension> | Check eyes and kidneys
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| What is a hypertensive crisis? | a hypertensive emergency and urgency
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| What should be done in a hypertensive in a hypertensive EMERGENCY? | BP must be lowered immediately to prevent target organ damage
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| What should you do in a hypertensive URGENCY? | Lower the BP within a few hours
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