AP English 3
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| Zeugma | the use of a word to modify or govern two or more words usually in such a manner that it applies to each in a different sense or makes sense with only one (as in “opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy”
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| Ad Hominem Fallacy | appealing to feelings or prejudices rather than intellect
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| Anaphora | repetition of a word or expression at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect
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| Antistrophe | the repetition of words in reversed order
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| Apostrophe | the addressing of a usually absent person or a usually personified thing rhetorically
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| Archetype | the original pattern or model of which all things of the same type are representations or copies
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| Assonance | repetition of vowels without repetition of consonants (as in stony and holy) used as an alternative to rhyme in verse
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| Asyndeton | omission of the conjunctions that ordinarily join coordinate words or clauses (as in “I came, I saw, I conquered”)
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| Caesura | a usually rhetorical break in the flow of sound in the middle of a line of verse
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| Catachresis | use of the wrong word for the context
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| Chiasmus | an inverted relationship between the syntactic elements of parallel phrases (as in Goldsmith's to stop too fearful, and too faint to go)
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| Coordination | the harmonious functioning of parts for effective results
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| Deductive Reasoning | the deriving of a conclusion by reasoning; specifically : inference in which the conclusion about particulars follows necessarily from general or universal premises
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| Inductive Reasoning | inference of a generalized conclusion from particular instances
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| Didactic | designed or intended to teach
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| Ellipsis | the omission of one or more words that are obviously understood but that must be supplied to make a construction grammatically complete
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| Epigram | a concise poem dealing pointedly and often satirically with a single thought or event and often ending with an ingenious turn of thought
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| End-Stopped | marked by a logical or rhetorical pause at the end
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| Enjambment | the running over of a sentence from one verse or couplet into another so that closely related words fall in different lines
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| Heroic Couplet | a rhyming couplet in iambic pentameter
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| inversion | any change from a basic word order or syntactic sequence, as in the placement of a subject after an auxiliary verb in a question or after the verb in an exclamation, as “When will you go?” and “How beautiful is the rose!”
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| litotes | understatement, esp. that in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary, as in “not bad at all.”
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| metonymy | a figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object or concept for that of another to which it is related, or of which it is a part, as “scepter” for “sovereignty,” or “the bottle” for “strong drink,” or “count heads (or noses)” for “cou
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| Periodic Sentence | Sentence whose main clause appears at its end.
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| Picaresque | Characteristic of a genre of Spanish satiric novel dealing with the adventures of a roguish hero
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| Polysyndeton | repetition of conjunctions in close succession (as in we have ships and men and money and stores)
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| Semiotics | a general philosophical theory of signs and symbols that deals especially with their function in both artificially constructed and natural languages and comprises syntactics, semantics, and pragmatics
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| Syllogism | a deductive scheme of a formal argument consisting of a major and a minor premise and a conclusion (as in “every virtue is laudable; kindness is a virtue; therefore kindness is laudable”)
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| Synecdoche | a figure of speech by which a part is put for the whole (as fifty sail for fifty ships), the whole for a part (as society for high society), the species for the genus (as cutthroat for assassin), the genus for the species (as a creature for a man), or the
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| Synesthesia | a concomitant sensation; especially : a subjective sensation or image of a sense (as of color) other than the one (as of sound) being stimulated
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| Tautology | needless repetition of an idea, statement, or word
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