History Exam 1
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| Sacristy of land theory: | Shortage of land; people have to come together.Forces people to form Government.
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| Adversity Hypothesis: | Need positives (water, climate). For civilization to develop, there must be diversity. must have negatives with positives. this forms a challenge.
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| Land of Stability | Egypt
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| Surrounded with the nile | "Gift of the nile"
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| Egypt's great burrier | desert
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| Egypt's first dynasty | writing
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| Pharaohs had all mighty rule | Egypt
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| chief priest was considered a god | Egypt
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| Theocracy | no separation between church and state
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| Polytheistic | Worshiped gods
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| divine kingship | Looking out for people all the time
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| Pharaohs had servants, They believed that when pharaoh died , the servants died and went on the journey with the pharaoh. | Egypt
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| Then the Nobles wanted to go on the journey too | Egypt
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| Everything was seen through religious views | Egypt
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| What was Egypt's death rituals | Mummification
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| Natrons | Dries up cavities
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| Pineresen | chemical for odor
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| linin | used to wrap the body
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| who watches over the corpse in Egypt | Women
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| What was the biggest stone building ever | great pyramid
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| Age of pyramids. represents the pharaohs power. contributed to fall of old kingdom. intermediate period- time of trouble | old kingdom
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| period of progress, creativity. religious development; cult of osiris; how you pass on is how you acted in life. | Middle kingdom
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| organized government, falls away turmoil; civil war; invasion( HYKSOS)Their military was superior to egypt. it was a foreign domination period. | Second int. period
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| time of military strength. the ruler was Thutmos the third. Amchotep the fourth made the egyptions worship one go. | New Kingdom
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| Hegemony | dominance over religion.
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| Believed the good things would be enjoyed in heaven but in a greater degree. | Egyptians
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| confident and optimistic people | Egyptians
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| Life was shaped by the view of death | Egyptians
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| Lived free of threat of invasion | Egyptians
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| Didn't have a rigid cast system. what was the cast system of Egypt | pharaohs, nobles, scribes, merchants, artisans, farmers, serfs, slaves
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| public schools that trained to write | Egyptians
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| the school was open to all classes | Egyptians
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| women faired well | Egyptians
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| monogomy was the rule | Egyptians
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| girls of herum was entertainment | Egyptians
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| Goddess of egyptian party | Bess
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| Had a formula for beer | Egyptians
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| What women inherited the egyptian throne | Hatchepsuet
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| what would happen if adultry happened in egypt | cut off nose
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| " Give me bread when in hungry, give me beer when im thirsty" | how the egyptians saw afterlife
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| land between the rivers | mesopotamia
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| what was the weather condition like in mesopotamia | flooding was unpredictable, sandstorms
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| did mesopotamia have any natural barriers? | no
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| mesopotamia was a city state and constantly fought between city states. |
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| Who were the first people of Mesopotamia? | Sumarians
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| Who's writing form was cuneiform? | sumarians
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| who took control of the summarians first | Akodians
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| The first empire was what? | Akodians
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| who do they akodians fall to? | Babylonians
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| Who was the king of babylon | hammurabi
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| 1792-1750 who ruled? | Hammurabi
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| why did hammurabi make the roads? | for the military
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| What was the hammurabi code | field of justice
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| how many sections does the hammurabi code have? | 282
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| what kind of religious view did the babylonians have? | polytheistic
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| were kings gods during the babylonian period? | no
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| where did they burry their dead? | under the house
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| each city state had a god. did they fight? | yes. good vs. bad
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| the priests had what? | Powers.
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| what is the epic of Gilgermesh? | no matter what you do, your gonna die.
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| was there hope for afterlife in the babylonian culture? | no
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| where did the babylonian laws come from? | the gods
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| what did the babylonians value? | private property
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| what was punished in the babylonian culture? | laziness
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| why did the babylonians have a strong work ethic? | land sacristy
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| what kind of society did the babylonians have | patriotic
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| what could the babylonians do to their kids? | sell them
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| How could the babylonians get a diverse? | adultery
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| " The wife is a mans future, sons mans refuge, and daughter is mans salvation." | Strong family bonds. babylonian society
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| Where is Phoenicia located? | On the coast
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| the phoenicians were great sailors throughout what sea? | Mediterranean
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| Where was carthage located | africa
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| phoenicia came up with what? | the phonetic alaphabet
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| What are the Arameans | caravans
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| Who are the "bad guys" | Assyrians
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| how do you describe the assyrians? | aggressive warlike people
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| how did they take over people? | by psychological terrorism. the people would give up before the fight.
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| " boys girls burnt upon flames. pillars of skulls erected before town" | Tiglath
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| who round up combatants; asked the people to fight or die | Assyrians
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| who has oriental seclusion of women | Assyrians
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| how old were the assyrian women when they married? | 12-13 yrs
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| What was the number one crime in the Assyrian society? | Abortion
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| who was Assurbanipal? | a scholar who collected cuneiform tablets and made a library. part of assyrians
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| Who do the Assyrians fall to? | the Chaldeans
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| whats another name for the chaldeans? | New Babylonians
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| who was the king of new babylonians, chaldeans? | Nebuchadnezzar
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| where did the chaldeans expand to? | throughout the fertile crescent
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| who did the chaldeans concur? | palestine, and took jewish leaders
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| What was it called when the chaldeans concurred palestine and took the jewish leaders? | babylon captivity of jews
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| Where was the persian empire located? | along the persian gulf
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| were they progressive? | yes
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| who was the king of the persian empire? | Cyrus the Great
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| What did cyrus the great do? | brought order. he showed respect to the people he concurred and brought them into his culture.
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| who was darius? | the king after cyrus the great, of the persian empire
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| what did darius do? | built roads, divided the empire into provinces. he had private servants
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| "neither snow, nor rain, nor heat, nor dark night hinder them in prompt completion of their task." | -persian beaurcrats. shows their dedication to society and fighting
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| what is the persian religion? | culture, zoroastrianism. rejected magic, superstitions. emphasis on morality and ethical conduct. had a good god and bad god. DUALISM. believed in the end that good would prevail
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| "sons are taught to ride horses, draw bows, and speak the truth." | cyclic theory of history. persians view of society
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| who does darius fall to? | Alexander the great
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| what does habira mean | Hebrews
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| where did the hebrews originate | Arabian desert
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| where did the hebrews settle when jacob was ruler | along the mediterranean
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| what was the name changed to when hebrews settles along the mediterranean? | Israel/palestine, Israelites
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| when israel moves again where do they move | egypt
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| moses arrises and helps who | nomadic people
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| who are the Philistines? | neighbors that fight israel. and israel always looses
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| "land of milk and honey" | palestine
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| who was the king that helped unite and defeat the philistines | saul
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| who was sauls rival | david
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| saul died and who took over | david
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| who did david unite | the Israelites , Jerusalem capital
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| after david who took power | salamen. davids son
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| what was salamen like | harsh ruler, which lead to revolt.
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| palestine was split into two kingdoms, which are? | israel, north. and judah- south
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| who was israel attacked by? | Assyrians
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| who did judah fall to? | claldeans. captivity of the jews
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| what was the first five books of the hebrews called | torah
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| what was the hebrews religion like | monotheism. the god was yahweh
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| how did the hebrews think of women | respected them. never abused them.
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| where was the hebrew women prohibited from | the inner temple
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| where were the minoans located | crete. located on the mediterranean sea
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| the minoans had what kind of community | sea community
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| who were the trade partners of minoans? | mycenaens
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| what were the biggest exports of the minoans | wine and olive oil and pottery
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| who had walls around the city and who didnt | minians didnt and myceneans did
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| capital of minoans | knossus
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| how did the minoans fall | earth quake possibly. attacked by pirates and Mycenaeans
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| minoans religion | polytheistic
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| how did the minoans burry their dead | with care
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| polis | city states
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| Hellenic age | era of city states
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| what were the two city states of the hellenic age | Athens and sparta
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| whats the political evolution | monarchy, oligarchy, tyrrany, democracy
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| where was sparta located | peloponnesian peninsula
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| was was spartas neighboring province | messenia
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| who did sparta concur | messenia
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| when messenia was concurred, sparta became what kind of state | barrate state. military
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| "everyone must subordinate themselves to the will of the state' | Lycugon constitution
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| upper startans | 5 to 10 percent of population
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| lower spartans | slave class. helets
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| periochi spartans | middle class. stray people
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| what kind of government was Sparta? | oligarchy
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| what values did sparta stress? | patriotism, self denial, discipline,
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| at the beginning of each year the spartans cast war on who | helots
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| who are the secret core | anyone that is a threat is liquidated on site. they were people that lived amongst the others, but were secret
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| spartan women | compete in sports but had weak marital bonds.
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| "come home with shield held high or on it' | spartan women to their husbands. shows weak marital bonds. and how harsh they were, and didnt care bout their husbands
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| what was the spartan military called | peloponesian league
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| where was athens located | on the edge of the penninsula
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| what kind of economy was athens | commercial economy
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| why is ionia important | they were colonized by the greeks
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| draco | law code of athens
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| who did athens rebel against | persians
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| who was the persian king | darius
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| why did persia want to go to war with athens | because athens aided ionia
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| who won the battle of marathon | athens
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| agora | market place where the people of athens waited to hear the outcome of the battle
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| mercianaries | hired fighters of persians
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| who is xerxes | persian monarch
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| xerxes asked for what as submission to the persians | earth and water
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| what 2 city states didnt submit to the persians | sparta and athens
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| why did xerxes want war | because athens and Sparta didn't show submission to persia
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| how did they cross the body of water hellespont | by bridge of boats
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| who was the spartan king | Leonidas
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| battle of salamis | athens ships were more movable and athens destroyed persia
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| "a persian king had gazed europe for the last time" | historian about the battle of salamis
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| Delian league | athens fleet
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| athens government | the workers received pay
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| " control masses rather than them control him" | Thucydides. a historian
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| idiotes | one that doesn't up hold responsibilities of citizenship
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| what political aspect did athens not like | philobustery
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| what was the one job in athens that put value on merit | general
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| "any man who sherks responsibilities of citizenship shall be regarded as useless character" | Paraclese
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| women of athens | no rights, married at 14, remain at the home
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| " i give this woman for procreation of legit children" | father of athens bride.
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| athens rashald | owned by the wealthy and the slaves and foreigners were the ones selling themselves
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| courtesan | high end prositutes
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| Aspasia | beautiful courtesan that was smart and was paraclese's mistress
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| " the less heard of women in male company the better' | Paraclese about women
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| symposiam | fancy dinner party that wives could not go to. but the people from brathal could go
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| the athens competitve games honored who | gods
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| drama emerged from who | greeks
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| who were the great playwrights | aeschylus,sophocles, euripedes, aristophdries
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| what is speculative philosophy | how nature worked, 12 chief gods. eventually turned attention to what the purpose of life?
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| Socrates believed what | that people should discover things through logical thinking
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| who was socrates student? | plato
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| plato | was interested in political science. condemned democracy and stared first university
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| Aristotle | attended university of plato. he was expert on all his fav subjects. he tutored alexander the great. thought women were subordinate
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| who was the first greek historian. "father of history. and what did he write about | Herodotus. and he wrote about the persian war
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| who was the second greatest historian | thucydides. he wrote about the peloponesian war
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