Chapter 3
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| Activity of Daily Living | Dressing, bathing, eating, walking, toileting, and so on
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| Acute Care Facility | Hospital that provides health care services to patients who have serious, sudden, or acute illnesses or injuries and who need certain surgeries
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| acute hospital classification | Where patients have an average length of stay of 4-5 days and a total length of stay of less than 25 days.
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| Administration for Children and Families (ACF) | DHHS programs that provide services and assistance to needy children and families, including Temporary Assistance to Needy Families.
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| Administration on Aging (AoA) | DHHS program that supports a nationwide aging network, providing services to the elderly to enable them to remain independent.
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| adult day care | Provided supervision in care in a structured environment to seniors with physical or mental limitations.
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| Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) | DHHS agency that supports research designed to improve the outcomes and quality of health care, address patient safety and medical errors, reduce its cost, and broaden access to effective services.
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| Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry | DHHS agency that works with states and other federal agencies to prevent exposure to hazardous substances from waste sites.
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| Alzheimer's treatment facilities | Long-term care facility that specializes in the care of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
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| ambulatory care | Outpatient care that allows patients to receive care in one day without the need for inpatient hospitalization.
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| ambulatory infusion center (AIC) | Freestanding center that dispenses and administers prescribed medication by continuous or intermittent infusion to ambulatory patients, supervised by a licensed health care professional.
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| ambulatory patients | Patients who are treated and released the same day and don't stay overnight in the hospital. Length of stay is no more that 23 hours, 59 minutes, 59 seconds.
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| ambulatory surgical center | Where surgery is performed on an outpatient basis at a free-standing center. Patients arrive the day of the procedure, undergo surgery, and recover under care of a nursing staff.
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| ambulatory surgery patient | Patient in which procedures can be performed on an outpatient basis, with the patient treated and released the same day.
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| ancillary services | Appearance of an outpatient to a hospital department to receive an ordered service, test, or procedure.
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| assisted-living facility (ALF) | Combination of housing and supportive services including personal care and household management for seniors. Residents pay monthly rent and fees for services required.
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| bed count | Total number of inpatient beds for which the facility is licensed by the state. Also called bed size.
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| bed size | Total number of inpatient beds for which the facility is licensed by the state. Also called bed count.
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| behavioral health care hospital | Specializes in treating individuals with mental health diagnoses.
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| Bureau of Prisons (BOP) | Federal program that provides necessary medical, dental, and mental health services to inmates by a professional staff and consistent with acceptable community standards. Consists of 82 institutions each with ambulatory care.
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| cafeteria plan | Provides subscribers and employees with a choice of HMO, PPO, or traditional health insurance plan. Also called triple option plan.
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| capitation payment | Lump sum paid by the HMO to the provider to care for a group of subscribers.
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| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | DHHS agency that provides a system of health surveillance to monitor and prevent the outbreak of diseases.
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| chemical dependency program | Provides 24-hour medically directed evaluation and withdrawal management in an acute care inpatient setting. Treatment usually includes detoxification and withdrawal management, chemical dependency assessment, and therapy.
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| chemotherapy | Intravenous administration of chemical agents that have specific and toxic effects upon a disease-causing cell or organism.
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| clinical laboratory | Performs testing in microbiology, clinical chemistry, and toxicology. Directed by a pathologist, and testing is performed by certified, professional technologists and technicians.
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| clinic outpatient | Hospital ambulatory care patient who receives scheduled diagnostic and therapeutic care.
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| closed-panel HMO | Includes group and staff models that provide services at HMO-owned health centers or satellite clinics, or by physicians who belong to a specially formed medical group that serves the HMO.
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| Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRC) | Provides different levels of care based on the residents needs from independent living apartments to skilled nursing care in an affiliated nursing facility.
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| copayment | Fixed amount a subscriber must pay when seeking health care services.
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| correctional facilities | Provides inmates with a secure housing environment that also offers vocational and education advancement. Medical, dental, and mental health care services are provided to inmates according to a standard of care imposed by court decisions.
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| crisis services | Provides short-term crisis intervention and treatment. Patients receive 24 hour a day supervision, and usually lasts fewer that 15 days.
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| critical access hospital (CAH) | Located more than 35 miles from any other hospital or another CAH, or they are state certified as being a necessary provider of health care to area residents.
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| curative care | Therapeutic care
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| day treatment program | Intensive treatment program provided to patients who live in the community but come to the facility up to five days per week.
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| dementia care facilities | Long-term care facilities that specialize in the care of patients diagnosed with dementia.
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| developmentally disabled/mentally retarded facilities | Provide residential care and day programming, including academic training, clinical and technical assistance, health care services, and diagnosis and evaluation of individuals with developmental disabilities.
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| diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) | Inpatient hospital cases classified into groups that are expected to consumer similar hospital resources. Inpatients are discharged once the acute phase of illness has passed.
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| direct contract model HMO | Individual physicians in the community deliver contracted health care services to subscribers.
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| drug therapy | Intravenous administration of other drugs including antibiotics, antivirals, and so on.
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| durable medical equipment (DME) | Includes canes, IV supplies, crutches, oxygen, prostheses, walkers, wheelchairs, hospital beds, and so on.
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| emergency care center | Immediate care is provided by an on duty physician. The center is usually owned by private corporations in states where permitted or non-profit facilities. Also called urgent care center.
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| emergency care patient | One treated for urgent problems and either released the same day or admitted to the hospital as an inpatient.
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| Exclusive Provider Organization (EPO) | Provides benefits to subscribers who receive health care services from network providers.
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| family practitioners | Provides care for entire family and focuses on general medicine, obstetrics, pediatrics, and geriatrics.
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| Family Support Services | Services provided to assist families in caring for the patient.
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| federal certification | Measures ability of health care facilities to deliver care that is safe and adequate, in accordance with federal law and regulation.
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| federal medical centers (FMCs) | Provide major medical care to federal correctional facility inmates.
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| flexible benefit plan | Provides subscribers and employees with a choice of HMO, PPO, or traditional health insurance plan. Also called cafeteria plan and triple option plan.
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| Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | DHHS agency that assures the safety of foods and cosmetics, and the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals, biological products, and medical devices.
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| general hospitals | Provide emergency care, perform general surgery, and admit patients for a range of problems from fractures to heart disease, based on licensing by the state.
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| group model HMO | Participating physicians who are members of an independent multispecialty group providing health care services. Physician groups either contract with the HMO or they are owned and managed by the HMO.
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| Group Practice Without Walls (GPWW) | Managed care contract in which physicians maintain their own offices and share services to plan members.
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| Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) | An alternative to traditional health insurance coverage; provides comprehensive health care services to members on a prepaid basis.
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| Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) | DHHS agency that provides health resources for medically underserved populations, works to build the healthcare workforce, maintains National Health Service Corps, oversees nation's organ transplantation system, works to improve child health, and provides
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| heart and vascular center | Provides ambulatory cardiovascular services to include diagnosis and treatment, disease prevention, research, education, and cardiac rehabilitation.
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| home care | Allows people who are seriously ill or dying to remain at home and receive treatment from nurses, social workers, therapists, and other licensed health care professionals who provide skilled care in the home.
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| home infusion care | Provided by home health care agencies when intravenous administration of medication is medically appropriate for the patient's condition, and treatment is administered at home.
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| hospice care | Provides comprehensive medical and supportive social, emotional, and spiritual care to terminally ill patients and their families. Goal is palliative rather that curative.
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| hospitalists | Physician who spends most of their time in a hospital setting admitting patients to inpatient services from local primary care providers.
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| hospital-owned physician practice | Practices that are at least partially owned by the hospital, and physicians participate in a compensation plan provided by the hospital.
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| hydration therapy | Intravenous administration of fluids, electrolytes, and other additives.
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| imaging center | Freestanding facility that provides radiographic and other imaging services to ambulatory patients. Some centers also provide training and participate in national research projects.
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| Independent Practice Association (IPA) | Physicians who remain in their independent office settings but provide contracted health care services to subscribers. Negotiates the HMO contract and manages the capitation payment.
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| Indian Health Service (IHS) | DHHS agency that supports a network of 37 hospitals, 60 health centers, 3 school health centers, 46 health stations, and 34 urban Indian health centers to provide services to nearly 1.5 million American Indians and Alaska natives of 557 tribes.
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| Individual Practice Association (IPA) | Physicians who remain in their independent office settings but provide contracted health care services to subscribers. Negotiates the HMO contract and manages the capitation payment.
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| Industrial Health Clinic | Located in a business setting, the emphasis is on employee health and safety.
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| Infusion center | Freestanding center that dispenses and administers prescribed medications by continuous or intermittent infusion to ambulatory patients, also called ambulatory infusion center.
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| inpatients | Those who remain overnight in the facility for 24 or more hours and are provided with room and board and nursing services.
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| Integrated Delivery Systems (IDS) | Organization of affiliated provider sites that offer joint health care services to subscribers. Includes ambulatory surgical centers, hospitals, and physician groups.
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| Integrated Provider Organization (IPO) | Manages health care services provided by hospitals, physicians, and other health care organizations.
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| intensive case management | Specially trained individuals coordinate and/or provide mental health, financial, legal, and medical services to help the patient live successfully at home and in the community.
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| intermediate care facility (ICF) | Provides developmentally disabled people with medical care and supervision, nursing services, occupational and physical therapies, activity programs, educational and recreational services, and psychological services.
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| internal medicine physicians | Specializes in the care of adults.
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| long-term care | Includes a range of nursing, social, and rehabilitative services for people who need ongoing assistance. Lengths of stay typically average greater than 30 days.
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| long-term care hospital (LTCH) | Hospitals that have an average inpatient length of stay greater than 25 days. Typically provide extended medical and rehabilitative care for patients who are clinically complex.
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| long-term hospital classification | Hospitals that have an average inpatient length of stay greater than 25 days. Typically provide extended medical and rehabilitative care for patients who are clinically complex.
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| managed care | Combine health care delivery with the financing of health care services. Originally referred as HMOs, and now increasingly referred to as PPOs.
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| Management Service Organization (MSO) | Provides practice management services, including administrative and support services, to individual physician practices.
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| medical foundation | Nonprofit organization that contracts with and acquires the clinical and business assets of physician practices.
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| medical necessity | Requires documentation of services or supplies that are proper and needed for the diagnosis or treatment of a medical condition; meet the standards of good medical practice in the local area.
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| Military Health System (MHS) | Administers health care for active members of the uniformed services as provided by military treatment facilities and networks of civilian health care professionals.
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| Military Medical Support Office (MMSO) | Coordinates civilian health care services when military treatment facility services aren't available.
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| military treatment facility (MTF) | Clinic and/or hospital located on a U.S. military base.
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| multi-hospital systems | Category of hospitals where two or more hospitals are owned, managed, or leased by a single organization.
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| multi-specialty group physician practices | Offer various types of medical specialty care in one organization, and they may be located in more than one location.
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| National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC) | Provides an external peer review process for correctional institutions that wish to meet its nationally accepted Standards for Health Services.
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| National Institutes of Health (NIH) | DHHS research center, with 17 separate institutes, is the world's premier medical research organization, supporting some 35,000 research projects nationwide in diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, arthritis, heart ailments, and AIDS.
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| neighborhood health center | Healthcare is provided to economically disadvantaged people, and treatment is family-centered because illnesses may result indirectly from crowded living conditions, unsanitary facilities, and other socioeconomic factors.
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| network model HMO | Two or more physician multispecialty group practices provide contracted health care services to subscribers.
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| network providers | Physicians and health care facilities under contract to the managed care plan.
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| newborn patients | Those who receive infant care upon birth, and if necessary they receive neonatal intensive care either within the hospital or as the result of transfer to another hospital.
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| nursing facility (NF) | Provides medically necessary care to inpatients on a daily basis that is performed by, or under the supervision of, skilled medical personnel. Provide IV therapy, rehabilitation, and wound care services. Also called skilled nursing facility.
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| observation patients | Receive services furnished on a hospital's premises that are ordered by a physician or other authorized individual, including use of a bed and monitoring by nursing or other staff, which are reasonable and necessary to evaluate an outpatient's condition.
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| open-panel HMO | Includes direct contract, individual practice association, and network models; physicians are not employees of the HMO and they do not belong to a specially formed medical group that serves the HMO.
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| outpatient care | Allows patients to receive care in one day without the need for inpatient hospitalization.
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| outpatient clinic | Patients receive follow-up mental health care, and visits are usually under one hour. Number of visits per week depends on the patient's needs.
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| outpatients | Patients who are treated and released the same day and don't stay overnight in the hospital. Length of stay is no more that 23 hours, 59 minutes, 59 seconds.
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| pain management | Intravenous administration of narcotics and other drugs designed to relieve pain.
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| pain management center | Specializes in treatment of acute and chronic pain syndromes using proven medications and procedures. Usually a multidisciplinary approach is used.
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| palliative care | Comfort management.
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| partial hospitalization program | Program for hospital patients who regularly use the hospital facilities for a substantial number of either daytime or nighttime hours.
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| pediatricians | Provides comprehensive services for infants, children, and adolescents.
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| personal care and support services | Provide assistance in performing daily living activities, such as bathing, dressing, grooming, and going to the toilet, mealtime assistance, travel training, and accessing recreation services.
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| Physician-Hospital Organization (PHO) | Managed care contracts are negotiated by hospitals and physician groups; physicians maintain their own practices and provide services to plan members.
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| Point-of-Service plan (POS) | Patients have the freedom to use an HMO panel of providers or to self-refer to non-HMO providers.
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| preadmission certification (PAC) | Form of utilization management that involves the review for medical necessity of inpatient care prior to inpatient admission.
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| Preferred Provider Organizaion (PPO) | Network of physicians and hospitals join together to contract with third-party payers, employers, and other organizations to provide health care to subscribers for a discounted fee.
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| primary care center | Offers adult and family care medicine in internal medicine, pediatrics, and family practice.
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| Public Health Service (PHS) | Uniformed service of the Department of Health and Human Services. Leadership provided by the US Surgeon General. It provides highly trained and mobile health professionals who carry out programs to promote the nation's health.
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| public health department | Provides preventive medicine services such as well baby clinics, which include immunizations and routine checkups.
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| referred outpatient | Hospital ambulatory care patient who receives diagnostic or therapeutic care because such care is unavailable in the primary care provider's office.
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| rehabilitation facility (outpatient) | Provides occupational, physical, and speech therapy to patients with orthopedic injuries, work-related injuries, sports-related injuries, and various neurological and neuromuscular conditions.
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| rehabilitation hospital (inpatient) | Admits patients who are diagnosed with trauma or disease and need to learn how to function.
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| residential care facility (RCF) | Provides non-medical custodial care, which can be provided in a single family residence, a retirement residence, or in any appropriate care facility including a nursing home.
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| residential treatment facility | Seriously disturbed patients receive intensive and comprehensive psychiatric treatment on a long-term basis.
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| respite care | Care provided by specially trained individuals at a setting other than the patient's home to offer relief and rest to primary caregivers.
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| satellite clinics | Ambulatory care centers established remotely from the hospital. Primary care is provided by an on-duty physician.
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| short-term (acute) hospital classification | Patients have an average length of stay of 4-5 days and a total length of stay of less than 25 days.
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| single hospitals | Category of hospitals that are self-contained and not part of a larger organization.
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| single-specialty group physician practices | Single-specialty practices that consist of two or more physicians who provide patients with one specific type of care.
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| skilled care | Includes services that are ordered by a physician and provided under the supervision of a registered nurse, or physical, occupational, or speech therapist.
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| skilled nursing facility (SNF) | Provides medically necessary care to inpatients on a daily basis that is performed by, or under the supervision of, skilled medical personnel. Provide IV therapy, rehabilitation, and wound care services. Also called nursing facility.
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| solo physician practices | Organizations that do not have physician partners or employment affiliations with other practice organizations.
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| specialty hospitals | Concentrates on a particular population of patients or disease.
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| staff model health maintenance organization (HMO) | Similar to large, multispecialty group practices, may be partially owned by the physician employees, with the physicians typically functioning as employees of either the group owning the practice or the insurer.
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| student health center | Provides health care to full and part-time students who become ill or injured.
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| subacute care | Provided in hospitals that provide specialized long-term acute care such as chemotherapy, injury rehabilitation, wound care, and other types of health care services provided to seriously ill patients.
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| subscribers | Individual who pay health insurance premiums.
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| Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) | DHHS agency that works to improve the quality and availability of substance abuse prevention, addiction treatment, and mental health services.
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| swing bed | Allows a rural hospital to admit a nonacute care patient.
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| Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) | State-federal welfare program.
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| therapeutic group home | Six to ten individuals are provided with supervised housing that may be linked with a day treatment program.
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| total parenteral nutrition (TPN) | Administration of nutritional substances by peripheral or central intravenous infusion to patients who are either already malnourished or have the potential for developing malnutrition.
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| triple option plan | Provides subscribers and employees with a choice of HMO, PPO, or traditional health insurance plan. Also called cafeteria plan.
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| urgent care center (emergency care center) | Immediate care is provided by an on duty physician. The center is usually owned by private corporations in states where permitted or non-profit facilities. Also called emergency care center.
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| utilization management | Controls health care costs and the quality of health care by reviewing cases for appropriateness and medical necessity.
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| ventilator | Breathing machine.
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| Veterans Health Administration (VHA) | An agency in the Department of Veterans Affairs that provides medical, surgical, and rehabilitative care to veterans of the armed services.
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| Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) | Administers and provides health care services at VA Medical Centers and community-based outpatients clinics.
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