Chemistry, Cellular Structure, and Function
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| What are the stages of mitosis? | interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
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| What does the medical term one mean? | mono-
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| What do organelles contain? | mitochondria, golgi, and endoplasmic reticulum
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| What does the medical term many mean? | poly-
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| What does the medical term two mean? | bi
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| Carbohydrates are also known as? | sugars
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| Proteins are composed of building blocks called? | amino acids
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| What is not a function of the plasma membrane? | ribosomes
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| In what stage of mitosis does DNA replicate? | interphase
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| In what stage of mitosis does chromatin granules become organized and spindle fibers appear? | prophase
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| In what stage of mitosis does chromosomes align across center of the cell? | metaphase
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| Two-rod shaped organelles that migrate and participate in cell division is known as? | centrioles
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| What is not one of the primary groups of organic compound? | carbons
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| ATP stands for? | active transport energy
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| What does not require cellular energy? | passive diffusion
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| Neutral substance of the pH level is what? | 7
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| Fundamental unit of a chemical is? | atom
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| What is the basic unit of life? | cell
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| What is the steady state within the organism? | homeostasis
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| What does physiology mean? | study of function
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| What does microbiology mean? | study of microscopic plants and animals
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| What does pharmacology mean? | study of drugs and their actions
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| What is defined as anything that takes up space? | matter
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| What elements are identified on the periodic table? | gas, liquids, and solids
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| Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen make up how much percent of the human body? | 96 percent
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| Elements are composed of what? | atoms
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| An atom consist of a nucleus containing what? | protons and neutrons, with electrons in orbit around the nucleus
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| What denotes the atomic number of an element? | the number of protons
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| What equals the atomic weight? | the number of protons plus the number of neutrons
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| Electrons have what kind of charge? | negative
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| Protons have what kind of charge? | postive
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| Neutrons have what kind of charge? | neutral
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| What is formed when two or more atoms combine? | molecule
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| Atoms of different elements combine, the molecules can also be called what? | compounds
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| What is the most abundant substance in living cells? | water
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| What is water used for? | participates in key cellular reactions known as universal solvent and functions.
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| Respiration, temperature control, protects fetus, brain, and spinal cord, and body lubricant are all what of water? | functions
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| Atoms combine by what? | bonding together and sharing electrons
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| What happens when atoms combine and bond together? | a molecule or a compound is formed
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| What is a electrolyte? | molecules that associates in water to form individual ions
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| What are hydrogen bonds? | they hold molecules together
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| What denotes an electron? | electron donor
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| What accepts an electron? | electron acceptor
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| What accepts electrons for a short time then loses them? | electron carriers
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| Water and some acids, bases, and salts are examples of what? | inorganic molecules
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| A chemical reactions in which water is added to the subunits of a large molecule to break it apart into smaller molecules is known as what? | hydrolysis
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| Why is oxygen needed? | to release energy from nutrients and is used to drive the cells metabolism
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| What is released as waste product during energy releasing metabolic reactions? | carbon dioxide
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| Substances that release ions in water are called what? | electrolytes
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| What are acids? | electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
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| What are bases? | electrolytes that release hydroxide ions in water
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| What are carbohydrates? | provide energy for cellular activities
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| What are carbohydrates composed of? | carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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| What are the four major compounds? | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid
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| What are the three main parts of the cell? | plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus
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| What is composed of inner and outer membranes and is involved with energy releasing chemical reactions? | mitochondria
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| What is also known as the "power plant" of a cell? | mitchondria
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| How many chromosomes contain DNA? | 46
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| What is anabolism? | builds larger molecules from smaller ones- requires energy
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| What is catabolism? | breaks down large molecules to smaller ones- releases energy
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| What is the branch of the natural sciences that deals with the composition substances and their properties and reactions? | chemistry
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| What is kinetic energy? | energy in motion
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| What is the substance that can be broken down into two or more other substances by chemical means? | compound
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| What determines the atomic number of an atom? | the number of protons
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| Lipids are also known as? | fats
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| What is composed of chains of molecules? | triglycerides
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| What is cell shape? | controlled by the extra cellular matrix and the cytroskeletal structure within the cell
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| Who coined the term cell? | Robert Hooke
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| A positively or negatively charged atom is referred to as? | ion
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| What are the subunits of nucleotides? | nucleic acids, RNA, and DNA
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| What is cytoplasm? | material that lies within cytoplasmic membrane
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| What is carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell? | cell expansion, growth, and replication
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| What is the immediate area surrounding the cytoplasm? | cytoplasmic membrane
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| What are membranes composed of? | phospholipids and proteins
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| What retains the cytoplasm? | the cell membrane
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| What forms the package for our genes and guides the life process of the cell? | nucleus
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| What is the site where ribosomal RNA is transcribed, processed, and assembled into ribosome subunits? | nucleous
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| What are organized packages designed for the storage of genetic material? | chromatin
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| What digest waste materials and food within the cells? | lysosomes
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| What are vacuoles? | membranous sacs that are formed when a portion of the cell membrane folds inward and pinches off
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| What is the transport network for molecules targeted or certain modifications and specific final destinations? | endoplasmic reticulum
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| cilia and flagellar propulsion, muscle contraction, and white blood cells that move into surrounding tissues and seek invaders are considered what? | examples of cell movement
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| What serves as storage units for hereditary information? | the nucleic acids, RNA, and DNA
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| What is the process known as when two strands separate and each one serves as a temple to make another complementary stand. | semiconservative replication
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| Cell division for eucaryotic cells is called what? | mitosis
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| What results in formation of gametes? | meiosis
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| The process of oxidizing food molecules to carbon dioxide and water is known as? | cellular respiration
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