Genetics chp 1
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| Genome | a complete set of genetic instructions for any organism. All genomes are encoded in DNA.
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| Know the different divisions of Genetics | transmission, molecular, and population genetics.
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| Transmission Genetics | encompasses basic principles of heredity and how traits are passed from one generation to the next.
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| Molecular Genetics | how genetic information is encoded, replicated, and expressed. It concerns the chemical nature of the gene itself.
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| Population Genetics | explores the genetic composition of groups of indivuals members of the same species and how that composition changes geographically and with the passage of time. ]
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| What is a model organism? | an example of echoli. The whole genetics frequency is mapped out and it makes it easy to work with. KNOW SOME EXAMPLES OF ORGANISMS!! (Their scientific name).
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| Published the first description of mitosis. | Water Flemmings.
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| Who was the first to propose that genes were on chromosomes? | Walter Sutton.
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| The 3 dimensional structure of DNA | James Watson and Grancis Crick.
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| Came up with the first way of sequencing DNA | Water Gilbert and Frederick Sanger.
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| What is cell theory? And who came up with it? | All cells come from preexisting cells. Schieden and Schwann.
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| Gene | a unit of information that encodes an inherited characteristic ( trait or phenotype)- what is expressed and what you can see.
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| Allele | one or more alternate forms of one or more genes.
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| Genotype | complete set of genetic information from an organism. Set is a single haploid bunch of genes you get from a SINGLE parent.
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| Somatic sells | non sex cells.
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| Germ line cells | sex cells.
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| Gametes | haploid final cell form that comes from germ line cells.
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| What is chromatin? | is DNA and its associated protein.
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| Viruses | are not alive but they can reproduce. Can have a DNA or a RNA genome.
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| pangenesis. | The theory that specific particles carry information from various parts of the body to the reproductive organs, from which they are passed to the embryo at the moment of conception
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| preformationism. | Inside of the egg or sperm there exists a fully formed miniature adult which simply enlarges in the course of development
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| inheritance of acquired characteristics | In which traits acquired in a person’s lifetime become incorporated into that person’s hereditary information and are passed on to offspring.
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| blending inheritance. | Proposed that offspring are a blend or mixture of parental traits
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| germ-plasm theory | The cells in the reproductive organs carry a complete set of genetic information that is passed to the egg and sperm
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| The theory that specific particles carry information from various parts of the body to the reproductive organs, from which they are passed to the embryo at the moment of conception | pangenesis.
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| In which traits acquired in a person’s lifetime become incorporated into that person’s hereditary information and are passed on to offspring. | inheritance of acquired characteristics
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| Inside of the egg or sperm there exists a fully formed miniature adult which simply enlarges in the course of development. | preformationism.
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| Proposed that offspring are a blend or mixture of parental traits | blending inheritance.
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| The cells in the reproductive organs carry a complete set of genetic information that is passed to the egg and sperm | germ-plasm theory
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| Six genetic organisms | 1) Drosophila melanogaster, 2) Escherichia coli, 3) Caenorhabditis elegans, 4) Arabidopsis thaliana, 5) Mus musculus 6) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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| Transmission | transmiting from one generation to another
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| What was the first type of bacterial gene to be sequenced? | Haemophilus influenza
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| The first eukaryote sequenced? | Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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| Mutation | an inheritable change of genes.
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| The simplest thing in genetics is a | gene
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organismalbiology
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